tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35029204901057781982024-02-08T02:50:33.954-08:00Usaha Ikan Lele & Aqiqahmelayani aqiqah dan ikan leleUnknownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17877193240044731627noreply@blogger.comBlogger15125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502920490105778198.post-50837467145060298952012-01-10T17:34:00.001-08:002012-01-10T17:34:17.835-08:00MAKING A NEW INNOVATION USING PLASTIC POND UV<span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="INOVASI BARU PEMBUATAN KOLAM MENGGUNAKAN PLASTIK UV">MAKING A NEW INNOVATION USING PLASTIC POND UV<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Kali ini saya membuat artikel tetang inovasi dalam pembuatan kolam, saat ini mungkin kita tidak asing lagi dengan pembuatan kolam menggunakan terpal, plastik biasa, bekas spaduk MMT dll.">This time I made an article neighbor innovations in the manufacture of swimming, this time maybe we are not familiar with the making of the pool using a tarp, plastic, ordinary, etc. The former spaduk MMT. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Tapi menurut pengalaman saya semua itu kalau ditempat panas tidak bisa bertahan lama mungkin cuma bisa bertahan 1-2 tahun ( persoalannya kolam saya ditengah sawah yang panas ).Tapi kalau menggunakan plastik Uv bisa awet sampai 5 tahun pada daerah pnas seperti kolam disawah apalgi kalu kolamnya">But in my experience it all in place when the heat can not last long probably could only last 1-2 years (the problem I am swimming in the middle of summer paddy). But if you use a plastic UV can be durable up to 5 years on the PNAS areas such as swimming pool disawah apalgi kalu </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="ditempat yg teduh mumgkin akan lebih pajang umurnya.">mumgkin shady place who will be more shelf age. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pada suatu hari saya datang ke toko pertanian mau beli bibit pepaya saya lihat ada orang yang beli plastik, saya coba pegang kok tebal dan ulet.">One day I came to the farm shop would like to buy papaya seed I see there are people who buy plastic, I try to hold really thick and tenacious. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Langsung kepikiran : “Bagus banget kalau dibikin kolam...” trus saya tanya sama pembeli : “Plastik seperti ini buat apa pak?">Jump kepikiran: "Good really swimming if contrived ..." then I ask each purchaser: "Plastics pack like this for what? </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="“.">". </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Bapak itu menjawab : “Buat rumah kaca untuk palawija, “namanya plastik apa pak kok beda dengan plastik2 yg biasanya?” Tanya saya karena penasaran.">The man replied: "Create a greenhouse for crops," plastic name really different from what Mr. plastik2 who usually? "Ask me out of curiosity. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Bapak itu Menjelaskan: “ Ow jelas beda ini namanya plastik UV (Ultraviolet ) buat rumah kaca tujuannya supaya sinar matahari yg mengandung Ultraviolet ditahan sama plastik ini krn kalau tidak ditahan bisa merusak bibit palawija.Wah bagus kali kalau buat kolam didaerah panas, Akhirnya saya mencoba">Explaining the father: "Ow obvious difference is the name of plastic UV (Ultraviolet) aim to create a greenhouse that contains Ultraviolet sunlight held together plastic Because if not arrested could damage the seedlings palawija.Wah good times that make swimming in hot regions, Finally I tried </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="beli 10m (panjang : 10m dan lebar : 3m ) dengan harga per 1x3 m : Rp 25.000,-">buy 10m (length: 10m and width: 3m) at a price per 1x3 m: Rp 25.000, -</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Sampai dirumah langsung aja minta bantuan bapak saya untuk membatu buatin kolam,Persiapan bahan baku dan alat2nya Beli bambu 10 batang @Rp 7000,- ,kresek bekas,paku dll">Until immediately wrote home asking for help my father to petrify buatin pool, Preparation of raw materials and alat2nya Buy bamboo rods 10 @ Rp 7000, -, crackle marks, nails etc.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Disini saya juga mau share tetang cara Pembelahan Bambu dan Sistem pembuangan air kolam.">Here I also want to share a neighbor how Cleavage Bamboo and pool water disposal system. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Kalau dulu bambu dibelah seperti membuat pagar, cara itu tidak kokoh dan tidak tahan lama.">If the first split bamboo like to make a fence, how it is sturdy and durable. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Untuk itu cara membelahnya seperti membuat galar (dalam bahasa jawa amben ) telah terbukti lebih kokoh dan awet.supaya lebih awet diolesin oli bekas supaya tidak dimakan sama binatang pengerat kayua(tor2 )">For that split as a way to make galar (in the Java language divan) has proved more robust and more durable awet.supaya diolesin used oil so as not to be eaten the same rodent kayua (tor2)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Kalau masalah pembuangan dulu saya Cuma dilubangi diatas,tapi untuk mengurasnya harus menggunakan pompa air, trus dilubangi dibawah kelemahannya kita susah mengontrol air ( buat pemijahan diperlukan fleksibelitas dalam pengaturan volume air ) karen itu kita berinovasi menggunakan pralon dan knee(sambungan L ) untuk menyiasati menguras">If the disposal problem I had just punched above, but must use a pump for draining water, trus holed below the weakness we are hard to control water (for spawning needed flexibility in setting the volume of water) karen that we innovate using pralon and knee (connection L) to get around the drain </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="tanpa menggunakan pompa air dan dalam pengaturan volume air mudah dan praktis.">without the use of water pumps and the water volume setting is easy and practical. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="mungkin lebih jelasnya lihat pada gambar...saya tidak memjelaskan secara detail dari awal pembuatan ampe akhir itu sudah umum pasti semua bisa mempraktekan gak ada ilmu khusus cm yg jadi point disini adalah pemilihan Plastik Uv sebagai pengganti terpal dan sistem pembuangan yg fleksible menggunakan 2 knee">more details may be see in the picture ... I do not memjelaskan in detail from the beginning of the end ampe making sure that it is common practice all can not have special knowledge so yg cm point here is the selection of UV plastic sheeting as a replacement and disposal system using 2 yg flexible knee </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="dan daya Cuma melampirkan gambar saya percaya dengan gambar akan mudah difahami daripada mengunakan kata2.">Just attach the picture and I believe the picture will be easily understood than using kata2.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="INOVASI BARU PEMBUATAN KOLAM MENGGUNAKAN PLASTIK UV">MAKING A NEW INNOVATION USING PLASTIC POND UV</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Kali ini saya membuat artikel tetang inovasi dalam pembuatan kolam, saat ini mungkin kita tidak asing lagi dengan pembuatan kolam menggunakan terpal, plastik biasa, bekas spaduk MMT dll.">This time I made an article neighbor innovations in the manufacture of swimming, this time maybe we are not familiar with the making of the pool using a tarp, plastic, ordinary, etc. The former spaduk MMT. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Tapi menurut pengalaman saya semua itu kalau ditempat panas tidak bisa bertahan lama mungkin cuma bisa bertahan 1-2 tahun ( persoalannya kolam saya ditengah sawah yang panas ).">But in my experience it all in place when the heat can not last long probably could only last 1-2 years (the problem I am swimming in the middle of summer paddy). </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pada suatu hari saya datang ke toko pertanian mau beli bibit pepaya saya lihat ada orang yang beli plastik, saya coba pegang kok tebal dan ulet.">One day I came to the farm shop would like to buy papaya seed I see there are people who buy plastic, I try to hold really thick and tenacious. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Langsung kepikiran : “Bagus banget kalau dibikin kolam...” trus saya tanya sama pembeli : “Plastik seperti ini buat apa pak?">Jump kepikiran: "Good really swimming if contrived ..." then I ask each purchaser: "Plastics pack like this for what? </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="“.">". </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Bapak itu menjawab : “Buat rumah kaca untuk palawija, “namanya plastik apa pak kok beda dengan plastik2 yg biasanya?” Tanya saya karena penasaran.">The man replied: "Create a greenhouse for crops," plastic name really different from what Mr. plastik2 who usually? "Ask me out of curiosity. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Bapak itu Menjelaskan: “ Ow jelas beda ini namanya plastik UV (Ultraviolet ) buat rumah kaca tujuannya supaya sinar matahari yg mengandung Ultraviolet ditahan sama plastik ini krn kalau tidak ditahan bisa merusak bibit palawija.Wah bagus kali kalau buat kolam didaerah panas, Akhirnya saya mencoba">Explaining the father: "Ow obvious difference is the name of plastic UV (Ultraviolet) aim to create a greenhouse that contains Ultraviolet sunlight held together plastic Because if not arrested could damage the seedlings palawija.Wah good times that make swimming in hot regions, Finally I tried </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="beli 10m (panjang : 10m dan lebar : 3m ) dengan harga per 1x3 m : Rp 25.000,-">buy 10m (length: 10m and width: 3m) at a price per 1x3 m: Rp 25.000, -</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Sampai dirumah langsung aja minta bantuan bapak saya untuk membatu buatin kolam,Persiapan bahan baku dan alat2nya Beli bambu 10 batang @Rp 7000,- ,kresek bekas,paku dll">Until immediately wrote home asking for help my father to petrify buatin pool, Preparation of raw materials and alat2nya Buy bamboo rods 10 @ Rp 7000, -, crackle marks, nails etc.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Disini saya juga mau share tetang cara Pembelahan Bambu dan Sistem pembuangan air kolam.">Here I also want to share a neighbor how Cleavage Bamboo and pool water disposal system. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Kalau dulu bambu dibelah seperti membuat pagar, cara itu tidak kokoh dan tidak tahan lama.">If the first split bamboo like to make a fence, how it is sturdy and durable. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Untuk itu cara membelahnya seperti membuat galar (dalam bahasa jawa amben ) telah terbukti lebih kokoh dan awet.supaya lebih awet diolesin oli bekas supaya tidak dimakan sama binatang pengerat kayua(tor2 )">For that split as a way to make galar (in the Java language divan) has proved more robust and more durable awet.supaya diolesin used oil so as not to be eaten the same rodent kayua (tor2)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Kalau masalah pembuangan dulu saya Cuma dilubangi diatas,tapi untuk mengurasnya harus menggunakan pompa air, trus dilubangi dibawah kelemahannya kita susah mengontrol air ( buat pemijahan diperlukan fleksibelitas dalam pengaturan volume air ) karen itu kita berinovasi menggunakan pralon dan knee(sambungan L ) untuk menyiasati menguras">If the disposal problem I had just punched above, but must use a pump for draining water, trus holed below the weakness we are hard to control water (for spawning needed flexibility in setting the volume of water) karen that we innovate using pralon and knee (connection L) to get around the drain </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="tanpa menggunakan pompa air dan dalam pengaturan volume air mudah dan praktis.">without the use of water pumps and the water volume setting is easy and practical. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="mungkin lebih jelasnya lihat pada gambar...saya tidak memjelaskan secara detail dari awal pembuatan ampe akhir itu sudah umum pasti semua bisa mempraktekan gak ada ilmu khusus cm yg jadi point disini adalah pemilihan Plastik Uv sebagai pengganti terpal dan sistem pembuangan yg fleksible menggunakan 2 knee">more details may be see in the picture ... I do not memjelaskan in detail from the beginning of the end ampe making sure that it is common practice all can not have special knowledge so yg cm point here is the selection of UV plastic sheeting as a replacement and disposal system using 2 yg flexible knee </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="dan daya Cuma melampirkan gambar saya percaya dengan gambar akan mudah difahami daripada mengunakan kata2.">Just attach the picture and I believe the picture will be easily understood than using kata2.</span>Unknownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17877193240044731627noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502920490105778198.post-80493496302608243782012-01-10T17:33:00.000-08:002012-01-10T17:33:05.202-08:00Application of Probiotics on Waste Beka Fish Tofu Cultivation media for Maggot<br />
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<span class="long_text" id="result_box" lang="en" style="color: #333333; display: block; font-size: 16px; min-height: 93px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;"><span title="- BeKa Fish diproduksi melalui proses bioteknologi menggunakan mikrobia pengurai bahan-bahan organik.">- Beka Fish produced through biotechnological processes using microbial decomposition of organic materials.</span><span title="- Aplikasi BeKa Fish sesuai untuk fermentasi limbah tahu karena pada limbah tahu kandungan air nya masih cukup tinggi.">- Application Beka Fish suitable for fermentation of waste know as the waste out of water content is still quite high.<br /> </span><span title="- Media dibedakan menjadi 2 jenis :">- Media divided into 2 types:</span><span title="Media pemancing lalat : limbah ikan/daging lain yang berbau amis, tanpa penambahan dekomposer.">Media fly anglers: fish waste / other meat that smells fishy, without the addition of decomposers. </span><span title="(jumlah media sedikit saja, karena fungsinya hanya sebagai pemancing agar lalat mau hinggap dan bertelur)">(The media just a little, because the function only as a fly angler willing to perch and lay their eggs)</span><span title="Mengapa tanpa dekomposer?">Why no decomposers? </span><span title="Karena apabila media pemancing diberi BeKa Fish, lalat tidak mau datang (ada aroma pengusir serangga dan memutus daur hidup lalat dari panas yang dihasilkan saat proses dekomposisi terjadi)">Because if the media were given Beka angler Fish, flies do not want to come (there is the smell of insect repellent and decide on the fly life cycle of the heat generated during the decomposition process occurs)</span><span title="Media pemancing sangat penting karena menentukan jumlah lalat yang hinggap dan bertelur yang pada akhirnya menentukan maggot yang dihasilkan.">Media angler is very important because it determines the number of flies that settle and lay eggs that ultimately determines the resulting Maggot.</span><span title="Media Pemeliharaan larva lalat yang ditambahkan BeKa Fish.">Media Maintenance fly larvae were added Beka Fish.</span><span title="Mengapa harus ditambahkan BeKa Fish pada limbah tahu?">Why Beka Fish should be added to the waste out?</span><span title="Kandungan nutrisi limbah tahu relatif masih cukup tinggi sehingga apabila di uraikan dengan baik akan bermanfaat bagi larva lalat yg menetas.">Know the nutrient content of waste is relatively still high enough so that if it is described very well be beneficial to the fly larvae hatch reply.</span><span title="Dekomposisi memerlukan waktu yang lama bila tanpa bantuan dekomposer:">Decomposition takes long time if without the help of decomposers:</span><span title="- limbah tahu tanpa BeKa Fish +/- 1 bulan, dengan BeKa Fish +/- 1 minggu.">- Waste out without Beka Fish + / - 1 month, with Beka Fish + / - 1 week.</span><span title="Mengurangi / menghilangkan polusi bau.">Reduce / eliminate odor pollution.</span><span title="Bekas media budidaya merupakan bentuk pupuk organik yang sangat baik untuk pemupukan kolam ikan atau tanaman.">Former culture media is a form of organic fertilizer is excellent for fertilizing fish ponds or plant.<br /> </span><span title="- Dosis BeKa Fish Probiotik:">- Dose Fish Beka Probiotics:</span><span title="1 Liter BeKa Fish ditambahkan air 200 Liter untuk 3-5 ton limbahTahu.">1 Liter Beka Fish 200 Liter of water was added to 3-5 tons limbahTahu.</span><span title="Atau">Or</span><span title="1 cc BeKa Fish ditambahkan 200 cc air untuk 3-5 kg limbahTahu.">Beka Fish added 1 cc 200 cc of water for 3-5 kg limbahTahu.<br /> </span><span title="- Persiapan Fermentasi :">- Preparation of Fermentation:</span><span title="Siapkan wadah/tempat dekomposisi media sesuai dengan skala yang akan dibuat.">Prepare a container / place media in accordance with the scale decomposition that will be made.</span><span title="Limbah tahudi ratakan tipis di lantai yang bersih, semprot dg larutan BeKa Fish menggunakan hand sprayer, bila perlu aduk lagi hingga rata.">Waste tahudi averaged thin on the floor is clean, spray a solution of Beka Fish dg using a hand sprayer, if necessary, stir again until blended.</span><span title="Simpan di tempat yang teduh selama +/- 1 minggu.">Keep in the shade during the + / - 1 week. </span><span title="Selama proses awal dekomposisi ditandai dengan timbulnya panas pada media dalam minggu pertama, juga masih adanya bau.">During the initial process is characterized by the onset of thermal decomposition on the media in the first week, also was the odor. </span><span title="Pada proses akhir dekomposisi sudah tidak ada lagi panas berlebih dan bau.">At the end of the process of decomposition is no more excess heat and odors.</span><span title="Pada hari ke 7, media sudah siap digunakan untuk penetasan dan pembesaran larva lalat.">On day 7, the media is ready to be used for hatching and rearing the larvae of flies.<br /> </span><span title="- Apakah Media bekas bisa dimanfaatkan lagi?">- Is the Media the former can be used again?</span><span title="Media bekas budidaya maggot akan mengalami penurunan kualitas selama masa budidaya, juga akan terkontaminasi oleh jamur dan mikrobia yang merugikan.">Media Maggot former cultivation will decrease during the cultivation of quality, will also be contaminated by harmful fungi and microbes. </span><span title="Jadi sebaiknya pengulangan media budidaya maksimal hanya 1 kali saja untuk optimalisasi budidaya.">So should the media cultivation repetition maximum of only 1 time only for optimization of cultivation.</span><span title="Media bekas budidaya maggot dapat dipergunakan sebagai pupuk organik yang sangat baik kualitasnya pada kolam ikan dan tanaman, dengan dosis 0,2 s/d 0,5 kg per meter persegi luas kolam.">Media Maggot former cultivation can be used as organic fertilizer which is very good quality in pond fish and plants, with a dose of 0.2 s / d 0.5 kg per square meter of pond area.<br /> </span><span title="- Aplikasi Budidaya Maggot:">- Application Cultivation Maggot:</span><span title="Biarkan media pemancing lalat berada di tempat terbuka selama +/- 3 hari, pastikan sudah terlihat adanya telur lalat.">Let the media fly anglers in the open during the + / - 3 days, make sure it looks the fly eggs.</span><span title="Siapkan media yang sudah terdekomposisi sebanyak 15 kg, pindahkan media pemancing beserta telur lalat ke media yang sudah terdekomposisi.">Prepare a medium that is decomposed as much as 15 pounds, move the egg along with fly anglers media to the media that has been decomposed.</span><span title="Tempat budidaya dapat berupa tong bekas cat tembok, atau wadah lain.">Place of cultivation can be used paint cans or other containers. </span><span title="Wadah budidaya harus modifikasi dahulu agar larva tidak lari setelah menetas.">Container cultivation must be modified in order for the larvae do not run after hatching. </span><span title="Modifikasi dapat dilihat pada link sbb: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-kjNvE5IOdw&feature=related .">Modifications can be viewed at the following link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-kjNvE5IOdw&feature=related. </span><span title="Dengan modifikasi wadah budidaya, akan lebih mudah dalam menyimpan dan memanen maggot.">With the modification of container cultivation, will be easier to store and harvest Maggot.</span><span title="Biarkan selama kurang lebih 4 s/d 7 hari, larva lalat akan terlihat.">Leave on for about 4 s / d 7 days, the larvae of flies will be seen. </span><span title="Jangan biarkan lebih dari 9 hari, karena larva cenderung untuk pergi meninggalkan media dan mencari tanah sebagai habitat fase pupa untuk kemudian menjadi lalat.">Do not allow more than 9 days, because larvae tend to leave the media and looking for land as habitat for the pupa stage and then into a fly.</span><span title="Setelah dibersihkan dengan air, maggot dapat langsung diberikan pada ikan atau diolah untuk bahan campuran pakan buatan.">After cleaning with water, Maggot can be directly administered to the fish or processed for artificial feed ingredient.</span><span title="Dengan Media 15 kg hasil yang didapat bervariasi antara 5-9 kg maggot (berat basah) pada hari ke 4 s/d 7 masa budidaya.">With the Media 15 kg of the results obtained vary between 5-9 kg Maggot (wet weight) on days 4 s / d 7 days of cultivation.</span></span></div>
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<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />Unknownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17877193240044731627noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502920490105778198.post-43200612047515605412012-01-10T17:31:00.001-08:002012-01-10T17:31:52.753-08:00POND TECHNICAL TRAINING MODULES<br />
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<span class="long_text" id="result_box" lang="en" style="color: #333333; display: block; font-size: 16px; min-height: 93px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;"><span title="MODUL PELATIHAN TEKNIS TAMBAK">POND TECHNICAL TRAINING MODULES</span><span title="Oleh Takesu Indonesia dan Beny H Siswanto di Komunitas Teknisi Tambak Udang">By Takesu Indonesia and Beny H Siswanto in Community Technicians Shrimp<br /> </span><span title="Tanah Tambak">Soil Embankment</span><span title="Tanah dasar tambak sebagai habitat udang.">Soil as a habitat for shrimp pond bottom. </span><span title="sangat erat kaitannya dalam menyediakan kondisi lingkungan yang optimal bagi pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup udang.">very closely related in providing optimal environmental conditions for growth and survival of shrimp. </span><span title="Perubahan kondisi fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah dasar akan saling mempengaruhi keseimbangan lingkungan hidup udang.">Changes in the physical, chemical and biological basis of soil will affect the ecological balance each shrimp. </span><span title="Input berbagai materi ke dalam tambak terakumulasi di dasar tambak.">Input range of materials into the pond accumulates in the pond bottom. </span><span title="Apabila petigelolaan budidaya tidak dilakukan secara benar akan mempercepat penurunan daya dukung lingkungan terhadap produktivitas tambak.">If petigelolaan cultivation is not done correctly will accelerate the decline in the carrying capacity of the environment on the productivity of ponds. </span><span title="Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran hubungan keterkaitan parameter-parameter kimia tanah dasar tambak dengan produksi udang yang dihasilkan.">The purpose of this study was to get an idea of linkage relationships of chemical parameters of pond bottom soil to the production of shrimp produced.<br /><br /> </span><span title="Tanah tambak yang baik tidak hanya mampu menahan air, namun juga harus mampu menyediakan berbagai unsur hara untuk makanan alami ikan dan udang.">A good farm land is not only able to hold water, but also be able to provide a variety of natural food nutrients for fish and shrimp. </span><span title="Kemampuan tanah menyediakan berbagai unsure hara yang diperlukan untuk pertumbuhan makanan alami, dipengaruhi oleh kesuburan tambak dan ditentukan pula oleh komposisi kimiawi tanah.">The ability of soil nutrients provides a variety of elements necessary for the growth of natural food, influenced by the fertility of the pond and determined also by the chemical composition of the soil. </span><span title="Tanah alkalis lebih subur dan produktif dari pada tanah masam.">Alkaline soil more fertile and productive than in acid soils. </span><span title="Kesuburan tambak ditentukan oleh tersedianya unsur hara yang terdapat dalam air dan tanah dasar tambak.">Pond fertility is determined by the availability of nutrients contained in the water and pond bottom soil. </span><span title="Karakteristik tanah dasar tambak sangat penting untuk pertumbuhan alga dasar (kelekap) maupun plankton.">Pond bottom soil characteristics is essential for the growth of algae base (kelekap) and plankton. </span><span title="Ketersedian unsur-unsur hara seperti N, P, K, Mg, serta unsur mikro trace element sangat diperlukan untuk tanah pertambakan.">Availability of nutrients such as N, P, K, Mg, trace elements and micro elements are necessary for land aquaculture. </span><span title="Tanah tambak yang didominasi oleh oleh mineral liat dari jenis kaolinit dan gibsite,mempunyai kesuburan relatif rendah.">Pond land dominated by the clay minerals of kaolinite type and gibsite, have relatively low fertility.</span><span title="Tingginya kandungan mineral">The high mineral content</span><span title="dilihat dari jenis kaolinit dan gibsite akan menyulitkan dalam pengelolaan tambak, karena Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) dan kapasitas mengatur kelembaban hampir tidak ada, sehingga penggunaan phospat menjadi meningkat.">seen from the types of kaolinite and gibsite will complicate the management of ponds, because the cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and adjust capacity almost no humidity, so the use of phosphate to be increased. </span><span title="Sedangkan tanah tambak yang banyak mengandungmineral liat dari jenis smectite memungkinkan untuk menjaga kation seperti K, NH4, Mg, dan Ca, sehingga tambak memiliki tingkat kesuburan lebih tinggi.">While a lot of pond land mengandungmineral smectite clay of this type makes it possible to keep the cations such as K, NH 4, Mg, and Ca, so that the pond has a higher fertility rate. </span><span title="Dengan mengetahui tingkat kesuburan tambak, diharapkan pengelolaan tanah tambak di daerah ini dapat dilakukan lebih efisien dan mencapai tingkat produksi tinggi.">By knowing the level of pond fertility, soil management ponds are expected in this area can be done more efficiently and achieve high production rates.<br /> </span><span title="Kesuburan tambak umumnya ditentukan oleh kandungan liat sampai pada kadar 50 persen.">Pond fertility is generally determined by the content of clay until the levels of 50 percent.</span><span title="Jenis tanah yang baik untuk usaha pertambakan adalah lempung berpasir (clay loam) liat berpasir (sandy clay), liat berlumpur (silty clay) dan liat (clay).">Type of soil is good for aquaculture venture is a sandy loam (clay loam) sandy clay (sandy clay), clay mud (silty clay) and clay (clay). </span><span title="Jenis tanah lempung berpasir sangat sesuai untuk pertumbuhan makanan alami, sedangkan jenis tanah pasir dan pasir berlumpur bersifat sangat porous, sehingga tidak dapat menahan air serta miskin hara.">Sandy loam soil types are suitable for the growth of natural food, whereas the soil type of sand and muddy sand is very porous, so it can not retain water and nutrient poor. </span><span title="Tambak yang produktif mempunyai pH tanah antara netral sampai basa.">Productive farm that has a pH between neutral to alkaline soil. </span><span title="Tanah dengan pH 7, mengandung banyak garam Natrium dan Fosfor, sehingga dapat mendukung pertumbuhan alga dasar (kelekap).">Soil with a pH 7, containing lots of salt Sodium and phosphorus, so it can support the growth of bottom algae (kelekap). </span><span title="Kandungan bahan organik tanah secara signifikan berkaitan erat dengan tingkat kesuburan tanah.">Soil organic matter content was significantly related to the level of soil fertility. </span><span title="Nitrogen sebagai salah satu unsure primer kebutuhan alga, bersumber dari bahan organik.">Nitrogen as one of the primary elements of algal needs, sourced from organic materials. </span><span title="Semakin tinggi kandungan bahan organik sampai pada batas tertentu, produktivitas tambak akan semakin baik.">The higher content of organic matter to some extent, the productivity of the pond the better. </span><span title="Sebaliknya bahan organik yang terlalu tinggi, seperti sisa-sisa makanan pada tambak yang dikelola secara intensif akan dapat menurunkan kualitas air dan berakibat pada tingginya konsumsi oksigen terlarut dalam proses perombakan bahan organik.">Instead of organic materials that are too high, such as food scraps in intensively managed ponds can reduce water quality and result in high consumption of dissolved oxygen in the process of renovation of organic materials.<br /><br /> </span><span title="Kriteria Jenis Tanah Pertambakan :">Soil type aquaculture criteria:<br /><br /> </span><span title="Jenis Tanah Komponen Penyusun (%) Tingkat Kesuburan">Type of Land Component Compiler (%) Fertility Rate<br /> </span><span title=" Liat Pasir Lumpur">Sand Clay Mud<br /><br /> </span><span title="Liat 50 28 22 Sangat subur">Clay 50 28 22 Very fertile<br /> </span><span title="Liat berlumpur 42 14 44 Subur">Muddy clay 42 14 44 Fertile<br /> </span><span title="Lempung liat berpasir 22 63 14 Kesuburan sedang">Sandy clay loam 22 63 14 Fertility is<br /><br /> </span><span title="Lempung berpasir 11 79 10 Kurang subur">Sandy loam 11 79 10 Less fertile<br /><br /><br /><br /> </span><span title="Standar tanah yang baik untuk pertambakan menurut DKP adalah sbb :">Standards of good ground for aquaculture according to DKP is as follows:<br /><br /> </span><span title="Parameter Satuan Nilai Standar">Parameter Unit Value Standards<br /> </span><span title="Tekstur - Lempung liat berpasir">Texture - sandy clay clay<br /><br /> </span><span title="pH - 6,0 – 7,0">pH - 6.0 to 7.0<br /><br /> </span><span title="Bahan Organik % 1,6 – 7,0">Organic materials% from 1.6 to 7.0<br /><br /> </span><span title="Karbon (C) % 3 – 5">Carbon (C)% 3-5<br /><br /> </span><span title="Nitrogen (N) % 0,4 – 0,75">Nitrogen (N)% 0.4 to 0.75<br /><br /> </span><span title="KTK me/100 gr >20">CEC me/100 gr> 20<br /><br /> </span><span title="Kalsium (Ca) me/100 gr 2,0 – 5,0">Calcium (Ca) me/100 gr 2.0 to 5.0<br /><br /> </span><span title="Magnesium (Mg) me/100 gr 1,5 – 8,0">Magnesium (Mg) me/100 gr 1.5 to 8.0<br /><br /> </span><span title="Kalium (K) me/100 gr 0,5 – 1,0">Potassium (K) me/100 gr 0.5 to 1.0<br /><br /> </span><span title="Natrium (Na) me/100 gr 0,7 – 1,0">Sodium (Na) me/100 gr 0.7 to 1.0<br /><br /> </span><span title="Fosfor (P) ppm 30 – 60">Phosphorus (P) ppm 30-60<br /><br /> </span><span title="Besi (Fe) % <2">Iron (Fe)% <2<br /><br /><br /><br /> </span><span title="Air Tambak">Water Pond<br /> </span><span title="Kegiatan budidaya udang yang pada dasarnya menciptakan suatu lingkungan perairan yang sesuai dengan habitat alami udang, di dalam pelaksanaanya tidak bisa terlepas dari teknologi pengelolaan kualitas air tambak sesuai dengan kondisi dan kebutuhan udang itu sendiri dengan tetap memperhatikan faktor-faktor pembatas seperti yang telah disebutkan di atas">Shrimp aquaculture which basically creates a water environment in accordance with the natural habitat for shrimp, in the implementation can not be separated from the pond water quality management technology in accordance with the conditions and needs of shrimp itself by taking into account limiting factors such as those mentioned above </span><span title=".">. </span><span title="Secara prinsip teknologi pengelolaan air tambak harus mengacu pada bagaimana menciptakan dan menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem perairan tambak, sehingga tidak menimbulkan guncangan lingkungan yang membuat udang dalam kondisi stress dan pada akhirnya dapat menimbulkan masalah bagi udang.">In principle, the pond water management technologies should refer to how to create and maintain the balance of pond water ecosystem, so it does not cause environmental shocks that make the shrimp in a state of stress and can eventually cause problems for the shrimp.</span><span title="Perairan tambak dapat dianalogikan sebagai 'rumah' dan lingkungan tempat dimana udang tinggal dan melakukan aktifitasnya serta berinteraksi dengan organisme lainnya.">Pond waters may be analogous to a 'home' and the environment where the shrimp live and conduct its activities and interact with other organisms. </span><span title="Pengelolaan kualitas air tambak sesuai dengan kondisi dan kebutuhan udang berarti menyediakan tempat tinggal bagi udang sehingga udang merasa 'betah' hidup di dalamnya dan dapat menjalankan kehidupannya dengan normal di lingkungannya.">Pond water quality management in accordance with the conditions and needs of shrimp means providing shelter for the shrimp, so shrimp feel 'at home' to live in it and can run with a normal life in his neighborhood. </span><span title="Sebagai upaya menciptakan kondisi tersebut, maka sebelum menyiapkan tempat tinggal yang nyaman bagi udang perlu dipertimbangkan sifat dan behaviour udang agar lingkungan perairan sesuai dengan karakteristik sifatnya, yaitu antara lain ;">In an effort to create these conditions, before preparing a place that's convenient for the shrimp to consider the nature and behavior of shrimp to water environment in accordance with its characteristics, namely, among others;</span><span title="Udang bersifat demersal, yaitu hidup di dasar perairan sehingga dalam pengelolaan kualitas air perlu mempertimbangkan kondisi dasar tambak yang dibutuhkan udang;">Shrimp are demersal, ie life in the bottom waters resulting in water quality management needs to consider the necessary conditions for shrimp pond bottom;</span><span title="Udang bersifat nocturnal, yaitu aktif pada malam hari sehingga perairan tambak perlu disesuaikan dengan proses biologi, kimia, fisika dan ekologi yang terjadi di dalamnya terutama pada malam hari;">Shrimp are nocturnal, ie active at night so the pond waters need to be tailored to the processes of biology, chemistry, physics and ecology that occur in it, especially at night;</span><span title="Udang bersifat phototaksis negatif, yaitu menghindari adanya cahaya secara langsung.">Shrimp are phototaksis negative, ie avoid any direct light. </span><span title="Sifat ini berhubungan dengan pengelolaan kecerahan air tambak yang dapat menghalangi penetrasi cahaya secara langsung;">This property is related to the brightness of the water management ponds that may hinder the penetration of light directly;</span><span title="Kanibalisme, yaitu pemangsaan yang dilakukan udang terhadap udang lainnya yang lebih lemah.">Cannibalism, ie predation conducted another shrimp on the shrimp weaker. </span><span title="Sebagai usaha mengurangi terjadinya kanibalisme maka perairan tambak perlu didukung dengan ketersediaan pakan alami yang cukup dan kondisi dasar tambak memungkinkan bagi udang yang berada dalam kondisi lemah untuk berlindung dari pemangsaan;">In an effort to reduce the occurrence of cannibalism the pond waters need to be supported by adequate availability of natural food and basic conditions allows for shrimp ponds that are in weak condition for protection from predation;</span><span title="Moulting, yaitu proses alami pertumbuhan udang dengan cara berganti kulit atau sebagai respons terhadap perubahan lingkungan yang bersifat drastis.">Moulting, namely the natural process of growth of shrimp in a way to change the skin or in response to environmental changes that are drastic. </span><span title="Pengelolaan air tambak sedapat mungkin tidak menimbulkan guncangan terhadap keseimbangan perairan agar tidak terjadi moulting massal, karena pada saat moulting udang berada dalam kondisi yang lemah dan sangat rentan terhadap penyakit dan pemangsaan">Water management pond as far as possible not cause shocks to the balance of the waters in order to avoid mass moulting, because at the time of moulting the shrimp are in a weak and highly susceptible to disease and predation</span><span title="Tingkat kebutuhan udang terhadap kualitas perairan relatif berubah berdasarkan umur udang.">Requirement level of shrimp to the water quality is relatively unchanged by age shrimp.</span><span title="Pengelolaan kualitas air tambak yang tidak memperhatikan kondisi, kebutuhan dan sifat udang akan menyebabkan bertambahnya tingkat 'kegelisahan' udang di dalam tambak dan selalu berusaha untuk keluar dari lingkungan tersebut, meskipun kualitas air tambak sudah sesuai dengan tolok ukur yang digunakan.">Water quality management ponds that do not pay attention to the conditions, requirements and nature of the shrimp will cause increasing levels of 'anxiety' shrimp in ponds and are always trying to get out of that environment, although the water quality pond is in conformity with the benchmark used. </span><span title="Pada kondisi seperti ini udang menunjukkan perilaku yang tidak normal dari biasanya sebagai indikator adanya ketidaksesuaian kualitas perairan dengan kebutuhan udang.">In conditions like these shrimp show behavioral abnormalities than usual as an indicator of water quality discrepancies with the requirements of shrimp.</span><span title="Beberapa parameter yang dapat dijadikan sebagai indikator kualitas perairan adalah sebagai berikut :">Some parameters that can be used as an indicator of water quality are as follows:</span><span title="Kecerahan air tambak;">Brightness of the pond water;</span><span title="Warna air tambak;">The color of pond water;</span><span title="Kondisi fisik air tambak;">The physical condition of pond water;</span><span title="Kondisi dasar tambak.">Pond bottom conditions.</span><span title="Ke empat parameter di atas adalah parameter yang bersifat praktis dan dapat diterapkan melalui pengamatan visual dalam pengelolaan kualitas air tambak, sehingga jika timbul permasalahan dapat terdeteksi secara dini sebagai dasar pertimbangan dalam pengambilan keputusan teknis budidaya.">The four parameters above are parameters that are practical and can be applied through visual observation of water quality management pond, so that if problems arise can be detected as early as the basis of technical considerations in decision-making culture. </span><span title="Parameter yang menyangkut kondisi biologi, kimia dan fisika perairan tambak dianalisis melalui pengamatan laboratorium untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih akurat sebagai bahan perbandingan dengan tolok ukur ambang batas parameter perairan bagi kegiatan budidaya udang.">The parameter concerning the condition of biology, chemistry and physics pond waters were analyzed through laboratory observations to obtain more accurate results as a benchmark for comparison with the threshold parameter for the waters of shrimp aquaculture.</span><span title="Kecerahan Air Tambak">Brightness of Water Pond</span><span title="Kecerahan air tambak merupakan tingkat penetrasi cahaya matahari di dalam air tambak yang dinyatakan dengan satuan panjang.">The brightness of the pond water is the level of sunlight penetration in the water pond that is expressed in units of length. </span><span title="Alat yang biasa digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat kecerahan air tambak adalah seichi disk, yaitu berupa piringan yang diberi warna hitam putih dan dihubungkan dengan tongkat/tali pegangan yang mempunyai garis-garis skala.">Common tool used to measure the brightness level of the pond water is seichi disk, namely the form of discs that were black and white and connected with a rod / rope handles that have scale lines. </span><span title="Cara penggunaan alat ini adalah dengan mencelupkannya ke dalam perairan secara perlahan sampai pada kedalam dimana seichi disk mulai tidak kelihatan, kemudian tingkat kecerahan air dapat terbaca pada skala yang telah ada.">How to use this tool is by dipping into the water slowly until the seichi into which the disk starts invisible, then the brightness level of the water can be read on a scale that has been there. </span><span title="Pengukuran kecerahan air sebaiknya dilakukan pada saat siang hari dan cuaca relatif cerah.">Brightness measurements of water should be carried out during the day and the weather is relatively bright.</span><span title="Pada perairan tambak kecerahan air erat hubungannya dan berbanding terbalik dengan kelimpahan plankton terutama jenis phytoplankton yang berada di dalam perairan tersebut, atau dengan kata lain semakin tinggi tingkat kecerahan air maka kelimpahan phytoplankton akan semakin rendah dan sebaliknya semakin rendah tingkat kecerahan air maka kelimpahan phytoplankton di perairan">In the brightness of the water pond waters are closely related and inversely proportional to the abundance of plankton, especially phytoplankton species that are in these waters, or in other words the higher the brightness level of the water will lower the abundance of phytoplankton and conversely the lower the brightness level of the water then the abundance of phytoplankton in the waters </span><span title="tersebut semakin tinggi.">is the higher. </span><span title="Pengelolaan kecerahan air ditinjau dari kelimpahan plankton adalah bertujuan menyesuaikan kebutuhan udang yang bersifat nocturnal dan phototaksis negatif sehingga membutuhkan suatu tempat berteduh (shelter) dari pengaruh cahaya matahari secara langsung.">Management of water brightness observed from plankton abundance is aiming to adjust the needs of the shrimp that are nocturnal and negative phototaksis thus requiring a shelter (shelter) of the influence of direct sunlight.</span><span title="Phytoplankton merupakan jenis tanaman berukuran renik yang mempunyai zat hijau daun (chlorophyl) dan selalu melakukan fotosintesa dengan bantuan sinar matahari.">Phytoplankton are microscopic-sized plants that have a green leaf substance (chlorophyl) and always perform photosynthesis with the help of sunlight. </span><span title="Produktivitas plankton akan meningkat dengan semakin meningkatnya intensitas matahari ke dalam perairan tambak, sehingga kelimpahan plankton akan semakin meningkat pula dan akan mengurangi tingkat penetrasi cahaya matahari ke dalam perairan.">Plankton productivity will increase with the increasing intensity of the sun into the pond waters, so the abundance of plankton will increase as well and will reduce the rate of penetration of sunlight into the waters. </span><span title="Berdasarkan uraian tersebut maka kecerahan air merupakan suatu variable dari kelimpahan plankton dan tingkat intensitas matahari.">Based on the above description then the water is a variable brightness of the abundance of plankton and the intensity of the sun. </span><span title="Kondisi ini dapat dijadikan acuan dalam pengelolaan kecerahan air tambak yang sesuai dengan kondisi dan kebutuhan serta sifat udang.">This condition can be used as a reference in the brightness of the water management ponds in accordance with the conditions and needs as well as the nature of the shrimp.</span><span title="Tingkat kecerahan air yang dibutuhkan udang relatif berubah sesuai dengan pertambahan umurnya, yaitu:">Brightness level of water needed shrimp relative change in accordance with age increment, namely:</span><span title="Udang usia tebar dan udang muda, tingkat kecerahan air yang dibutuhkan relatif tinggi sampai dengan tembus dasar tambak.">Shrimp and prawn stocking young age, the brightness level of water required is relatively high until translucent pond bottom.</span><span title="Udang dewasa, tingkat kecerahan yang diperlukan sekitar 35 cm – 40 cm atau menyesuaikan kondisi udang.">Shrimp grown, the level of brightness required approximately 35 cm - 40 cm or adjust the condition of shrimp.</span><span title="Warna Air Tambak">Color of Water Pond<br /> </span><span title="Warna air tambak pada dasarnya terjadi karena adanya dominansi jenis plankton tertentu yang tumbuh dan berkembang di dalam perairan tambak.">The color of pond water is basically due to the dominance of certain types of plankton that grow and develop in the pond waters. </span><span title="Parameter ini dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu tolok ukur kualitas perairan tambak secara praktis melalui pengamatan visual dengan memperhatikan kondisi dan kualitas udang di dalam perairan tersebut dengan dasar pemikiran seperti berikut ini:">This parameter can be used as a benchmark of water quality ponds are practically through visual observation by considering the condition and quality of shrimp in these waters with the following rationale:</span><span title="Phythoplankton mempunyai karakteristik warna tertentu yang disebabkan oleh kandungan chlorophyl yang relatif berbeda antara jenis yang satu dengan yang lainnya.">Phythoplankton have a certain color characteristics caused by the relative content of chlorophyl differ between species with each other.</span><span title="Plankton memiliki karakteristik sifat tertentu dalam melakukan proses kegiatannya baik itu biologi, kimia, fisika dan ekologi yang relatif berbeda antara jenis yang satu dengan yang lainnya.">Plankton has the characteristics of certain properties in the process of activity whether it is biology, chemistry, physics and ecology are relatively different from one type to another.</span><span title="Phythoplankton merupakan produsen utama dalam rantai makanan yang ada di perairan tambak, sehingga dominansinya relatif berpengaruh pada kehidupan organisme lainnya.">Phythoplankton is a leading producer in the food chains that exist in the waters of the pond, so that the relative dominance effect on the lives of other organisms.</span><span title="Tidak semua jenis plankton yang tumbuh dalam perairan tambak bersifat menguntungkan bagi udang atau organisme lainnya di dalam tambak, sehingga dominansi dari jenis tertentu akan berpengaruh pada tingkat kenyamanan organisme lain di dalam tambak.">Not all types of plankton that grow in the pond waters are beneficial for shrimp or other organisms in the pond, so the dominance of a particular type will affect the comfort level of other organisms in the pond.</span><span title="Dasar pemikiran diatas memperlihatkan bahwa warna perairan tambak yang disebabkan oleh adanya dominansi jenis plankton tertentu dapat dijadikan acuan dalam pengambilan keputusan tentang kualitas air tambak.">The rationale above shows that the color of pond waters caused by the dominance of certain types of plankton can be used as a reference in making decisions about water quality pond. </span><span title="Faktor dominansi plankton di dalam tambak dapat terjadi karena pengaruh bibit plankton yang dimasukkan ke dalam tambak dan treatment yang diterapkan dalam proses penumbuhan dan pengelolaan plankton.">Factor dominance in pond plankton can occur due to the influence of seed plankton that is inserted into the pond and the applied treatment in the process of growing and managing plankton. </span><span title="Pada saat awal pembentukan air tambak bibit plankton yang dimasukkan ada kemungkinan sudah terjadi dominansi yang selanjutnya tumbuh dan berkembang di dalam tambak.">At the beginning of the formation of seed plankton pond water that is inserted there is the possibility of dominance has occurred which further grow and develop in the pond. </span><span title="Pada kasus lain bibit plankton yang dimasukkan ke dalam tambak belum terjadi dominansi, tapi treatment yang diterapkan memungkinkan terjadinya pertumbuhan dan perkembangan jenis plankton tertentu sehingga mendominansi perairan tambak.">In other cases the seed plankton that is inserted into the pond has not happened dominance, but the treatment is applied to allow for growth and development of certain types of plankton that mendominansi pond waters.<br /> </span><span title="Aspek yang perlu diperhatikan dalam menilai dan menganalisis warna air tambak secara garis besar meliputi:">Aspects to consider in assessing and analyzing the color of pond water in outline includes:</span><span title="Jenis plankton yang dominan.">The dominant type of plankton.</span><span title="Kelimpahan plankton yang dominan.">Abundance of dominant plankton.</span><span title="Kondisi dan kualitas udang.">The condition and quality of shrimp.</span><span title="Analisis terhadap jenis plankton yang dominan didasarkan pada karakteristik dan sifatnya serta tingkat permasalahan yang mungkin ditimbulkan di dalam perairan dan pengaruhnya terhadap organisme lainnya.">The analysis of the dominant species of plankton based on the characteristics and the nature and level of problems that may arise in the waters and their effects on other organisms. </span><span title="Perairan tambak yang didominansi oleh jenis plankton yang bersifat menguntungkan dan membawa pengaruh yang nyaman dan aman pada organisme lainnya keputusan yang perlu diambil adalah cara untuk mempertahankan, sedangkan jika dominansi yang terjadi adalah dari jenis plankton yang merugikan maka perlu dilakukan penggantian dominansi plankton dengan melakukan penurunan air">Didominansi pond waters by plankton species that are beneficial and brings a comfortable and secure influence on decisions that other organisms need to be taken is how to maintain, whereas if there is dominance of plankton species that harm is a necessary replacement of the dominance of plankton by a decrease of water </span><span title="tambak dalam volume yang besar dan proses inokulasi bibit plankton yang menguntungkan dari petakan tambak lainnya disertai dengan pemupukan.">ponds in a large volume of seed inoculation and plankton processes that benefit from the other pond accompanied by fertilization.</span><span title="Kelimpahan plankton yang dominan di perairan tambak erat hubungannya dengan tingkat kecerahan air tambak seperti telah diuraikan dalam pembahasan sebelumnya.">Abundance of dominant plankton in pond waters are closely related to the brightness level of the pond water as described in the previous discussion. </span><span title="Kelimpahan yang terlalu tinggi dari jenis plankton yang merugikan akan sangat membahayakan bagi udang dan dapat menimbulkan masalah serius jika tidak segera diantisipasi.">Too high abundance of plankton species that harm would be very dangerous for shrimps and can cause serious problems if not immediately anticipated.</span><span title="Analisis warna air tambak yang berkaitan dengan dominansi jenis plankton tertentu harus bermuara pada kondisi dan kualitas udang yang hidup di perairan tersebut.">Analysis of pond water color associated with the dominance of certain plankton species should lead to the condition and quality of shrimp that live in these waters. </span><span title="Keadaan ini dapat diartikan bahwa meskipun dominansi plankton di perairan tambak tersebut merupakan jenis yang menguntungkan tapi jika kondisi dan kualitas udang mengalami degradasi, maka ada sesuatu masalah di dalam perairan tersebut sehingga perlu diadakan identifikasi dan analisis penyebab masalah secara cermat dan akurat.">This situation may imply that despite the dominance of plankton in the waters of the pond is kind of a lucrative but if the condition and quality of shrimp subject to degradation, then there is something in the water problem is so necessary to make the identification and analysis of the cause of the problem carefully and accurately. </span><span title="Sebaliknya jika pengamatan warna air tambak menunjukkan adanya dominansi plankton yang merugikan sedangkan kondisi dan kualitas udang dalam keadaan normal, maka proses penggantian air tambak perlu dilakukan secara bertahap dan kontinyu agar tidak menimbulkan stress pada udang sampai dominansi plankton di dalam tambak tergantikan dengan jenis yang baru dan">Conversely if the pond water color observations indicate the presence of harmful plankton dominance while the condition and quality of shrimp under normal circumstances, the process of replacement of pond water should be gradual and continuously so as not to cause stress on the shrimp to dominance in pond plankton replaced with a new type and </span><span title="bersifat menguntungkan.">be advantageous.</span><span title="Kriteria warna air tambak yang dapat dijadikan acuan standar dalam pengelolaan kualitas air adalah seperti di bawah ini:">Criteria pond water color that can be used as a reference standard in water quality management is as below:</span><span title="Warna air tambak hijau tua yang berarti menunjukkan adanya dominansi chlorophyceae dengan sifat lebih stabil terhadap perubahan lingkungan dan cuaca karena mempunyai waktu mortalitas yang relatif panjang.">Color dark green pond water, indicating a dominance chlorophyceae by nature more stable to environmental changes and the weather because it has a relatively long time mortality. </span><span title="Tingkat pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya yang relatif cepat sangat berpotensi terjadinya booming plankton di perairan tersebut.">The growth rate and relatively rapid development has the potential occurrence of plankton in the waters of the boom.</span><span title="Warna air tambak kecoklatan yang berarti menunjukkan adanya dominansi diatomae.">Brownish color of pond water, indicating a dominance diatomae. </span><span title="Jenis plankton ini merupakan salah satu penyuplai pakan alami bagi udang, sehingga tingkat pertumbuhan dan perkembangan udang relatif lebih cepat.">This type of plankton is one supplier of natural feed for shrimp, so shrimp growth rate and relatively faster growth.</span><span title="Tingkat kestabilan plankton ini relatif kurang terutama pada kondisi musim dengan tingkat curah hujan yang tinggi, sehingga berpotensi terjadinya plankton collaps dan jika pengelolaannya tidak cermat kestabilan kualitas perairan akan bersifat fluktuatif dan akan mengganggu tingkat kenyamanan udang di dalam tambak.">Rate stability is relatively less plankton, especially in winter conditions with a high level of rainfall, so the potential occurrence of plankton collapse and if not carefully managed water quality stability will be volatile and will interfere with the comfort level in pond shrimp.</span><span title="Warna air tambak hijau kecoklatan yang berarti menunjukkan dominansi yang terjadi merupakan perpaduan antara chlorophyceae dan diatomae yang bersifat stabil yang didukung dengan ketersediaan pakan alami bagi udang.">Color brownish green pond water, indicating the dominance that occurs is a blend of chlorophyceae diatomae that are stable and are supported by the availability of natural food for shrimps.</span><span title="Standar warna air tambak seperti tersebut di atas merupakan acuan praktis dalam mengidentifikasi jenis plankton sebagai upaya pendeteksian masalah kualitas perairan secara dini.">Standard color of pond water as mentioned above is a practical reference in identifying the type of plankton as an effort to detect water quality problems early. </span><span title="Selain warna standar tersebut ada beberapa warna air tambak yang biasa dijumpai dalam kegiatan usaha budidaya udang, yaitu antara lain:">In addition to these standard colors there are several color pond water usually found in shrimp farming activities, which include:</span><span title="Warna air tambak kekuningan yang berarti menunjukkan adanya dominansi phytoplankton jenis cyanophyceae.">Yellowish color of pond water, indicating a dominance of phytoplankton species cyanophyceae. </span><span title="Pada kondisi perairan tambak seperti ini biasanya udang berwarna lebih pucat dari biasanya disertai dengan penurunan nafsu makan udang dan jika tidak segera diantisipasi dapat menimbulkan kerusakan pada hepatopanchreas udang.">In conditions like these pond waters shrimp usually paler in color than is usually accompanied by a decrease in appetite shrimp and if not immediately anticipated hepatopanchreas can cause damage to the shrimp.</span><span title="Warna air tambak hijau pupus yang berarti menunjukkan adanya dominansi phytoplankton jenis dynophyceae dampak yang ditimbulkan relatif sama dengan point (1).">Color pale green pond water, indicating a dominance of phytoplankton species dynophyceae relative impact equal to point (1).</span><span title="Warna air tambak biru kehijauan yang berarti menunjukkan adanya dominansi blue green algae dampak yang ditimbulkan relatif sama dengan point (1).">Greenish-blue color of pond water, indicating a dominance of blue green algae impacts are relatively similar to point (1).</span><span title="Kamuflase green color, pada kondisi ini tambak seolah-olah berwarna kehijauan tapi pada dasarnya tidak/kurang mengandung plankton.">Camouflage green color, in these conditions as if the pond greenish but basically no / less contain plankton. </span><span title="Hal ini terjadi biasanya pada tambak yang kandungan bibit planktonya sangat kurang tetapi kegiatan pemupukan berjalan terus, sehingga warna yang ditimbulkan adalah warna karena pengaruh cuaca.">This happens usually in ponds which contain seeds planktonya very less but the events of fertilization goes on, so the resulting color is the color due to the influence of the weather. </span><span title="Kejadian ini dapat diketahui dengan mengukur kecerahan perairan tambak yang biasanya sangat tinggi, atau dengan melihat warna air yang ada pada kincir air yang sedang dioperasikan.">This incident can be determined by measuring the brightness of the pond waters are usually very high, or by looking at the color of water present in the water wheel that is being operated.</span><span title="Identifikasi jenis plankton di perairan tambak secara praktis dengan melihat warna perairan seperti telah diuraikan di atas perlu ditunjang dengan pengamatan dan analisis laboratorium secara berkala untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih akurat.">Identify the type of plankton in the pond waters practically by looking at the color of the waters as described above to be supported by observations and laboratory analysis on a regular basis to obtain more accurate results. </span><span title="Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan cara pengambilan sampel perairan dan sampel udang dari petakan-petakan tambak baik yang bermasalah maupun yang tidak terkena masalah, sehingga dapat diambil perbandingannya.">This activity is done by taking water samples and samples of shrimp-pond mapped either problematic or not affected by the problem, so that comparison can be taken.<br /> </span><span title="Kondisi Fisik Air Tambak">Physical Condition of Water Pond</span><span title="Secara garis besar kondisi fisik air tambak merupakan keadaan air tambak ditinjau dari keberadaan dan penampakan partikel-partikel fisik yang dijumpai di dalam perairan tersebut.">Broadly speaking, the physical condition of the pond water is pond water situation in terms of existence and appearance of physical particles that were found in the waters.</span><span title="Partikel-partikel tersebut muncul sebagai akibat proses yang terjadi di dalam ekosistem perairan maupun karena faktor teknis budidaya sehingga secara tidak langsung ikut mempengaruhi kehidupan organisme yang berada di dalamnya.">The particles are emerging as a result of processes that occur in aquatic ecosystems as well as cultivation of technical factors that indirectly affect the lives of the organisms within it. </span><span title="Kondisi fisik air tambak juga dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu tolok ukur kualitas perairan dengan dasar pemikiran sebagai berikut ini :">The physical condition of the pond water can also be used as a benchmark of water quality with the following rationale:</span><span title="Pemunculan partikel tersebut dapat dijadikan isyarat bahwa telah terjadi proses (biologi, kimia, fisika) di dalam perairan yang tidak sebagaimana mestinya;">Appearance of these particles can be used as a signal that there has been a process (biology, chemistry, physics) in waters that are not as they should;</span><span title="Dalam jumlah yang besar dan jangka waktu lama dapat menyebabkan terganggunya fungsi fisiologis udang dan organisme lainnya;">In large numbers and long periods can cause disruption of the physiological function of shrimp and other organisms;</span><span title="Ukuran partikel-partikel tersebut ada yang berukuran kecil dan ada yang relatif besar karena karena proses akumulasi yang terjadi.">The size of the particles are small and there are relatively large because the due process of accumulation that occurs. </span><span title="Pemunculan partikel tersebut bisa berada di lapisan air maupun muncul dipermukaan air tambak.">Appearance of the particle can be in the water layer and emerged on the surface of the pond water. </span><span title="Melalui pengamatan yang cermat maka penampakannya akan dapat terlihat bahkan terdeteksi semenjak dini penyebab permasalahannya.">Through careful observation of the appearance will be visible even detected since the early causes of the problem. </span><span title="Beberap kondisi fisik perairan tambak yang biasa dijumpai antara lain :">Several physical condition of pond waters are usually found among others:</span><span title="Air tambak “berdebu”, kondisi ini untuk menggambarkan bahwa di dalam air tambak muncul partikel-partikel sangat halus dan melayang-layang karena tidak terlarut atau mengendap di dalam perairan tambak.">The water pond "dusty", the condition is to illustrate that in pond water appears very fine particles and floating because it does not dissolve or settle in the pond waters. </span><span title="Kondisi seperti ini dapat mengakibatkan gangguan pada insang udang dan pada jangka waktu tertentu dapat mengakibatkan penyakit insang merah.">Conditions like these can cause disturbances in the gills of shrimp and at a certain time period may result in a red gill disease. </span><span title="Alternatif perlakuan yang bisa diterapkan untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini adalah dengan melakukan peningkatan sirkulasi air baik dari segi frekuensi maupun volumenya secara kontinyu.">Alternative treatments can be applied to overcome this problem is to increase water circulation in terms of both frequency and volume continuously. </span><span title="Penggunaan saponin pada dosis tertentu diharapkan dapat mengikat partikel yang ada di perairan tambak.">The use of saponin at a certain dose is expected to bind the particles that exist in the pond waters.</span><span title="Air tambak ”berbusa/berbuih”, pada kondisi ini air dipermukaan tambak tampak berbusa/berbuih dan akan lebih jelas kelihatan pada saat kincir air dioperasikan.">The water pond "foamy / frothy", in these conditions the surface water pond looks foamy / frothy and will be more apparent when the water wheel operated. </span><span title="Hal ini menandakan bahwa di perairan tersebut telah terjadi mortalitas plankthon secara massal yang dapat menimbulkan keseimbangan ekosistem perairan colaps, kecerahan air tambak cenderung tidak stabil, dasar tambak kotor karena endapan bangkai plankthon.">This indicates that in these waters has occurred plankthon mass mortality that can cause the balance of aquatic ecosystems colaps, the brightness of the pond water tends to be unstable, because the dirty pond bottom sediment plankthon carcass. </span><span title="Perlakuan teknis yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi kondisi ini adalah dengan melakukan sirkulasi air secara kontinyu dan pada kondisi tertentu dapat dilakukan inokulasi bibit plankthon secara kontinyu dari petakan tambak lainnya disertai dengan peningkatan dosis penggunaan pupuk atau pemakaian bahan organik.">Technical treatment that can be used to overcome this condition is to perform a continuous circulation of water and in certain circumstances plankthon seed inoculation can be done continuously from another pond accompanied with increased doses of fertilizer use or the use of organic materials.</span><span title="Pemunculan klekap di permukaan air tambak.">Klekap appearance on the surface of the pond water. </span><span title="Klekap pada dasarnya merupakan campuran antara kotoran dasar tambak dengan bangkai plankthon yang terangkat ke permukaan air karena adanya proses oksidasi dengan bantuan sinar matahari.">Klekap basically a mixture of dirt pond bottom with a dead plankthon raised to the surface water because of the oxidation process with the help of sunlight. </span><span title="Kondisi ini terjadi karena dasar tambak yang kotor dan kecerahan air tambak yang relatif tinggi.">This condition occurs because of a dirty pond bottom and the brightness of the pond water is relatively high. </span><span title="Klekap bila telah mengendap kembali di dasar tambak akan terjadi pembusukan dan dapat menyebabkan peningkatan kandungan H2S, NH3 di dalam tambak yang berbahaya bagi udang.">Klekap when it settles back in the pond bottom will occur decay and can lead to increased content of H2S, NH3 in the ponds that are harmful to shrimp. </span><span title="Pemunculan klekap di permukaan tambak dapat diatasi dengan pengangkatan klekap dari permukaan tambak dan pembersihan dasar tambak yang diibangi dengan sirkulasi secara kontinyu dan pembentukan kembali kualitas air tambak melalui regenerasi plankthon yang telah mati dengan cara inokulasi bibit plankthon dan pemumpukan dengan dosis yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan;">Klekap appearance on the surface of ponds can be resolved with the appointment klekap from surface ponds and pond bottom cleaning that diibangi with continuous circulation and re-establishment of water quality through regeneration plankthon ponds that have died by plankthon and pemumpukan seed inoculation with doses as needed;</span><span title="Tumbuhnya lumut di dalam tambak.">The growth of moss in the pond. </span><span title="Kondisi ini terjadi karena kecerahan air tambak yang relatif tinggi dan berlangsung dalam kondisi lama dan disertai dengan proses pemupukan yang kontinyu.">This condition occurs because the brightness of the pond water is relatively high and long and take place in conditions accompanied by a continuous process of fertilization. </span><span title="Lumut yang tumbuh di dalam tambak akan menghambat aktifitas dan gerak udang serta proses penumbuhan plankthon relatif lebih susah.">Moss that grows in the pond will inhibit the activity and movement as well as the process of growing shrimp plankthon relatively more difficult.</span><span title="Lumut akan hilang jika penetrasi sinar matahari yang membantu pertumbuhan lumut terhalang oleh plankthon pada kecerahan air tertentu.">Moss would be lost if the penetration of sunlight which helps the growth of moss on the brightness plankthon hindered by a certain water.</span><span title="Ke empat kondisi tersebut di atas merupakan hal yang sering dijumpai pada petakan-petakan tambak yang dalam pengamatan kualitas perairan kurang cermat ataupun pemberian perlakuan teknis yang kurang tepat pada sasarannya.">To the four conditions mentioned above are things that are often found in plot-deep pond water quality is less careful observation or a lack of proper technical treatment on the target. </span><span title="Perairan tambak dengan kualitas perairan dan kondisi udang yang sesuai dengan keseimbangan ekosistem akan mempengaruhi rona dan kualitas kondisi fisik perairan akan terjaga dengan sendirinya serta sangat tergantung pada upaya untuk mempertahankan kondisi tersebut.">Pond waters with water quality and shrimp condition in accordance with the balance of ecosystems will affect the tone and quality of the physical condition of the waters will be maintained by itself and is highly dependent on the effort to maintain the condition.</span></span></div>
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<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />Unknownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17877193240044731627noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502920490105778198.post-25030186047910834132012-01-10T17:30:00.000-08:002012-01-10T17:30:01.382-08:0010 Qualities Employers Should Include Beginners<br />
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<span class="long_text" id="result_box" lang="en" style="color: #333333; display: block; font-size: 16px; min-height: 93px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;"><span title="Jadi, Anda sudah siap membuang kejenuhan bekerja dari pk 9 hingga pk.">So, you're ready to dispose of saturation work from 9 to pk pk. </span><span title="5 dan mulai membuka usaha Anda.">5 and began to open up your business. </span><span title="Tapi yang Anda perlukan lebih dari sekedar nyali dan ide kemenangan untuk berpindah dari karyawan menjadi pengusaha.">But you need more than just guts and the idea of victory to move from employee to entrepreneur. </span><span title="Ini bukan hal yang mudah dan mungkin memerlukan biaya yang besar sebelum mencapai kesuksesan.">This is not an easy task and may require a large fee before achieving success.</span><span title="Lebih dari separo usaha baru mengalami kegagalan setelah lima tahun berjalan!">More than half of new businesses fail after five years running! </span><span title="Alasan utamanya , kurangnya pengalaman , dana atau keterampilan manajemen.">The main reason, lack of experience, funding or management skills.<br /> </span><span title="Berikut adalah 10 kunci kualitas yang diperlukan pengusaha agar sukses.">Here are 10 key qualities necessary to be successful entrepreneurs. </span><span title="Beberapa diantaranya mungkin telah Anda miliki dalam kepribadian Anda, sementara yang lainnya harus terus menerus dikembangkan.">Some of them might already have in your personality, while others should be continuously developed.<br /> </span><span title="1.">1. </span><span title="Pengetahuan khusus Anda harus memiliki pengetahuan khusus terkait dengan bisnis yang akan jalankan.">Special knowledge you need to have special knowledge relating to the business to be run. </span><span title="Tanpa mengetahui seluk-beluk produk atau dinamika market tertentu, Anda menempatkan diri Anda pada kegagalan.">Without knowing the ins and outs of a particular product or market dynamics, you put yourself up for failure. </span><span title="Kurangnya pengetahuan akan membuat keputusan yang buruk dan belajar dari kesalahan yang mahal bukanlah hal yang mudah bagi pengusaha.">Lack of knowledge will make bad decisions and learn from costly mistakes is not easy for entrepreneurs. </span><span title="Ketika Anda men-set bisnis, hanya ada satu peluang yang sempit – satu atau paling banyak dua tahun – dimana Anda harus sukses sebelum Anda kehabisan sumber atau energi.">When you set the business, there is only one narrow opportunity - one or at most two years - where you have to succeed before you run out of resources or energy. </span><span title="Terlepas dari pengetahuan khusus, Anda juga harus memahami dasar area dan perdagangan bisnis Anda dengan cepat, mulai dari akun dan administrasi sampai marketing dan produksi.">Regardless of the specific knowledge, you also must understand the basic trading area and your business quickly, from the accounts and administration to marketing and production.<br /> </span><span title="2.">2. </span><span title="Percaya diri Meluncurkan bisnis baru adalah perjuangan dan tanpa kepercayaan diri dan kemampuan untuk melihat situasi, maka akan mudah hancur.">Launching a new business confidence is a struggle and without the confidence and ability to see the situation, it will be easily destroyed. </span><span title="Karyawan mereflekseikan moral pengusaha dan jika mereka merasa Anda tidak jujur atau tidak aman, mereka akan menjadi gelisah dan tidak ada motivasi.">Employees mereflekseikan moral entrepreneurs and if they feel you are not honest or not safe, they will become restless and no motivation. </span><span title="Anda harus belajar menyimpan ketakutan dan kecemasan dalam hati dan merefkeksikannya secara personal .">You must learn to keep fear and anxiety in the hearts and merefkeksikannya personally. </span><span title="Dihadapan publik, Anda harus menjadi figur yang tenang dan percaya diri.">Before the public, you must be a figure of calm and confident.<br /><br /> </span><span title="3.">3. </span><span title="Keuletan">Tenacity</span><span title="Kemampuan untuk melihat situasi adalah kualitas yang dimiliki pengusaha sukses.">The ability to see situations are the qualities of successful entrepreneurs. </span><span title="Orang yang demikian mampu bertahan dalam kondisi bisnis yang tidak menentu dengan keteguhan dan keuletan.">People who are thus able to survive in an uncertain business conditions with determination and tenacity. </span><span title="Kemauan yang kuat lebih diperlukan di tahap awal usaha, bahkan ketika goncangan kecil terjadi dalam bisnis.">A strong will is even more necessary in the early stages of business, even when small shocks occurred in the business. </span><span title="Pengusaha harus belajar untuk bangkit dari kegagalan yang dihadapi.">Employers must learn to rise from the failure encountered.<br /><br /> </span><span title="4.">4. </span><span title="Motivasi yang tepat">Proper motivation</span><span title="Mengapa Anda ingin memulai usaha Anda ?">Why do you want to start your business? </span><span title="Apakah semata-mata untuk menghasilkan banyak uang sehingga Anda bisa membeli kondominium?">Is solely to generate a lot of money so you can buy a condo? </span><span title="Apakah ada sesuatu yang lebih tinggi yang mendorong Anda ?">Is there something more that drives you? </span><span title="Pengusaha yang memiliki motivasi lebih tinggi daripada nilai sekedar kaya cenderung membangun bisnis yang bisa bertahan lama .">Entrepreneurs who have a higher motivation than just the value of rich tend to build a business that can last a long time. </span><span title="Mereka di dorong oleh keinginan untuk menciptakan sesuatu yang berharga.">They are driven by the desire to create something worthwhile. </span><span title="Mereka memberikan benefit di lingkungannya dengan memberikan produk dan jasa yang unik atau melakukan sesuatu dengan cara yang lebih baik sehingga memberikan kesejahteraan bagi setiap orang.">They provide benefits in the environment by providing unique products and services or do something with a better way to deliver prosperity for everybody. </span><span title="Tentu, mereka juga menjadi kaya secara signifikan, tapi ini yang jarang dijadikan motivasi utama.">Of course, they also become significantly richer, but this is rarely used as the primary motivation.<br /><br /> </span><span title="5.">5. </span><span title="Kreatifitas dan inovasi">Creativity and innovation</span><span title="Kreatifitas adalah kemampuan memberikan solusi unik dari permasalahan.">Creativity is the ability to provide unique solutions to these problems. </span><span title="Pengusaha sukses mengadopsi teknik pemecahan masalah yang kreatif untuk menghadapi tantangan.">Successful entrepreneurs adopted the techniques of creative problem solving to meet the challenge.</span><span title="Pemikiran kreatif dan inovatif yang demikian diperlukan di semua area, dari mengisi kekosongan pasar, dan memvisualisasikan produk dengan sistem dan prosedur yang lebih efisien dan biaya yang efektif.">Creative and innovative thinking are thus needed in all areas, from filling the market void, and visualize products with systems and procedures more efficient and cost effective.</span><span title="Terkadang, hanya diperlukan satu ide bagus untuk mengubah keberuntungan bisnis dan mengeluarkan produk yang bagus.">Sometimes, it only needs one good idea to change the fortunes of business and took out a good product.<br /> </span><span title="6.">6. </span><span title="Pandangan Strategik Tidak ada pengusaha yang sukses tanpa pandangan stratejik terhadap perubahan banyak hal.">No strategic view of a successful entrepreneur without a strategic vision to change many things. </span><span title="Langkah apa yang harus diambil dimasa datang?">What steps should be taken in the future? </span><span title="produk baru apa yang diluncurkan ?">What new products are launched?</span><span title="haruskah operasional dikonsolidasikan atau ekspansi ?">operations should be consolidated or expansion? </span><span title="investasi uang atau membangun modal cadangan ?">investment of money or build capital reserves? </span><span title="apa langkah kompetitor selanjutnya ?">what steps the next competitor? </span><span title="akankah terjadi penurunan ekonomis ?">Will the economic downturn? </span><span title="Jawaban atas pertanyaan-pertanyaan tersebut tergantung pada pandangan stratejik pengusaha.">The answers to these questions depends on the entrepreneur's strategic outlook. </span><span title="Pengusaha yang sudah lama malang-melintang di dunia bisnis memiliki pengalaman tersebut atau hanya dengan mengandalkan memiliki peluang yang bagus untuk sukses karena mereka bisa merasakan kemana arah angin bertiup dan akan mengarahkan kemudi di arah angin.">Entrepreneurs who have long criss-cross in the business world have the experience or simply by relying on having a good chance for success because they can sense which direction the wind blows and will direct the steering in the direction of the wind.<br /><br /> </span><span title="7.">7. </span><span title="Kepemimpinan">Leadership</span><span title="Seorang pengusaha harus bisa menjadi seorang pemimpin.">An entrepreneur must be able to become a leader. </span><span title="Kepemimpinan adalah kualitas yang memberikan panduan dan insipirasi bagi mereka yang melihat ke arah Anda.">Leadership is a quality that provides guidance and inspiration for those who look towards you. </span><span title="Banyak orang yang beruntung terlahir dengan kualitas kepemimpinan.">Many people are lucky to be born with leadership qualities. </span><span title="Bagi yang lain, merupakan keterampilan yang didapat dari kerja keras dan pengalaman.">For others, the skills acquired from hard work and experience. </span><span title="Bagaimanapun, tidak ada pengusaha berhasil tanpa kualitas kepemimpinan untuk memotivasi orang yang bekerja dengannya, dorong mereka untuk memberikan yang terbaik dan tentukan arah kemana mereka melangkah.">However, no successful entrepreneur without the leadership qualities to motivate people who work with them, encourage them to provide the best and determine the direction they are heading.<br /><br /> </span><span title="8.">8. </span><span title="Menghilangkan ego">Eliminating the ego</span><span title="Pengusaha dengan ego yang tinggi tidak bisa menghargai pandangan orang lain kecuali pandangannya sendiri.">Entrepreneurs with high ego can not appreciate the views of anyone but his own views.</span><span title="Mereka mudah tersinggung dan orang yang berbakat akan kesulitan bekerja dengannya.">They are easily offended and talented people who have trouble working with it. </span><span title="Ini bisa menjadi pangkal masalah.">This could be the base of the problem. </span><span title="Karyawan dengan tingkat self-respect dan intelegensi akan meninggalkan organisasi atau berusaha low profile di tempat kerja.">Employees with a level of self-respect and intelligence will leave the organization or seek a low profile in the workplace. </span><span title="Mereka yang ambisius akan mengatakan pada bos apa yang hanya ingin dia dengar.">Those who are ambitious to say the boss just what he wanted to hear. </span><span title="Pengusaha yang egois tidak bisa menilai karyawan berdasarakan kontribusinya pada perusahaan.">Selfish businessman who can not judge employees on the terms of their contribution to the company. </span><span title="Mereka akan menilainya dari sudut pandang suka dan tidak suka.">They will be judged from the perspective of likes and dislikes. </span><span title="Pengusaha yang demikian akan menjadi santapan kompetitor.">Such entrepreneurs will be fine competitor.<br /><br /> </span><span title="9.">9. </span><span title="Kemampuan untuk berbelok">The ability to turn</span><span title="Fleksibilitas dalam berpikir adalah kualitas kunci bagi pengusaha.">Flexibility in thinking is a key quality for entrepreneurs. </span><span title="Mereka harus bisa merubah pandangan dan strategi berdasarkan situasi yang terjadi.">They should be able to change their views and strategies based on the situation. </span><span title="Untuk melakukannya, ego perlu dihilangkan .">To do so, the ego needs to be eliminated. </span><span title="Jika Anda memiliki sifat yang demikian, Anda tidak akan mengakui kesalahan yang sudah Anda buat dan menolak untuk mempertanggungjawabkan keputusan Anda.">If you have properties that way, you will not admit you made a mistake and refuse to take responsibility for your decisions. </span><span title="Pengusaha yang egois terus menggelontorkan uang untuk proyek yang tidak memiliki harapan memberikan keuntungan.">Entrepreneurs who selfishly kept pouring money for projects that have no hope of benefit. </span><span title="Salah satu contoh yang paling dikenal – yang masih diajarkan di sekolah bisnis – yang memiliki kemampuan untuk berbelok adalah Microsoft.">One of the best known example - which is still taught in business schools - who has the ability to turn is Microsoft. </span><span title="Perusahaan ini tidak menghiraukan fenomena Internet saat mulai populer dipenjuru dunia.">The company ignored the popular Internet phenomenon when it begins dipenjuru world. </span><span title="Setelah dua tahun mengabaikannya, Microsoft meninjau ulang posisnya dan “membelokkan perusahaan dalam sekejap .” Dalam melakukan perubahan, perusahaan berhadapan dengan teknologi baru, melakukan akuisisi, mengeluarkan produk baru, dan kini berada di garis depan revolusi Internet.">After two years of ignored it, Microsoft is reviewing posisnya and "turned the company in a heartbeat." In making changes, companies dealing with new technology, make acquisitions, new product release, and now stands at the forefront of the Internet revolution. </span><span title="Semua ini tidak akan pernah terjadi jika manajer puncak tidak fleksibel dalam melakukan pendekatan dan cukup rendah hati untuk mengatakan “Kami telah melakukan kesalahan dalam hal ini .”">All this would never happen if top managers are not flexible in approach and humble enough to say "We've made a mistake in this case."<br /><br /> </span><span title="10.">10. </span><span title="Etika">Ethics</span><span title="Etika adalah faktor terbesar yang didengar prospek terhadap perusahaan untuk jangka panjang.">Ethics is the biggest factor has been heard of the company's prospects for long-term.</span><span title="Rekan – suplier, konsumen, karyawan, bankir, pemegang saham – tidak suka berhubungan dengan pengusaha yang tidak jujur.">Associates - suppliers, customers, employees, bankers, shareholders - not like the touch with a dishonest businessman. </span><span title="Mereka akan sulit menghilangkan sakit hatinya dan harus selalu waspada .">They will be difficult to eliminate the pain of his heart and must always be vigilant. </span><span title="Kejujuran dan etika adalah benih kepercayaan dan ketika orang lain mulai mempercayai Anda, banyak pintu yang akan terbuka.">Honesty and ethics are the seeds of trust and when other people begin to trust you, which will open many doors.</span></span></div>
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<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />Unknownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17877193240044731627noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502920490105778198.post-77751675469151538992012-01-10T17:28:00.000-08:002012-01-10T17:28:23.051-08:00FISHING FARMING (Akua CULTURE)<br />
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<span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="PERIKANAN BUDIDAYA (AKUA KULTUR)">FISHING FARMING (Akua CULTURE)<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Pembudidayaan ikan adalah kegiatan untuk memelihara, membesarkan, dan/atau membiakkan ikan serta memanen hasilnya dalam lingkungan yang terkontrol, termasuk kegiatan yang menggunakan kapal untuk memuat, mengangkut, menyimpan, mendinginkan, menangani, mengolah, dan/atau mengawetkannya.">• Fish farming is an activity to nurture, raising, and / or breed fish and harvest results in a controlled environment, including activities that use the vessel for loading, transporting, storing, cooling, handling, processing, and / or preserve it. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="(UU no. 45 th. 2009 tentang Perikanan)">(Act no. 45 th. 2009 on Fisheries)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Pembudidayaan ikan adalah kegiatan untuk memelihara, membesarkan, dan/atau membiakkan ikan serta memanen hasilnya dalam lingkungan yang terkontrol, termasuk kegiatan yang menggunakan kapal untuk memuat, mengangkut, menyimpan, mendinginkan, menangani, mengolah, dan/atau mengawetkannya.">• Fish farming is an activity to nurture, raising, and / or breed fish and harvest results in a controlled environment, including activities that use the vessel for loading, transporting, storing, cooling, handling, processing, and / or preserve it. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="(PERMEN No. PER.12/MEN/2007 Tentang PERIZINAN USAHA PEMBUDIDAYAAN IKAN)">(No. CHEWING. PER.12/MEN/2007 About LICENSING BUSINESS fish breeding)<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="PENGERTIAN AKUAKULTUR">DEFINITIONS Aquaculture</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Akuakultur atau juga dikenal dengan budidaya perikanan merupakan bentuk pemeliharaan dan penangkaran berbagai macam hewan atau tumbuhan perairan yang menggunakan air sebagai komponen pokoknya.">• Aquaculture or also known as fish farming is a form of maintenance and breeding of various kinds of aquatic animals or plants that use water as a main component.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Kegiatan-kegiatan yang umum termasuk di dalamnya adalah budidaya ikan, budidaya udang, budidaya tiram, serat budidaya rumput laut (alga).">• The activities are generally included in it is fish farming, shrimp farming, oyster farming, seaweed cultivation fibers (algae). </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Dengan batasan di atas, sebenarnya cakupan budidaya perairan sangat luas namun penguasaan teknologi membatasi komoditi tertentu yang dapat diterapkan.">With the above limitations, the actual scope of aquaculture is very broad but limit the technological mastery of certain commodities that can be applied.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Budidaya perairan adalah bentuk perikanan budidaya, untuk dipertentangkan dengan perikanan tangkap.">• Aquaculture is a form of aquaculture waters, to be contrasted with capture fisheries. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Di Indonesia, budidaya perairan dilakukan melalui berbagai sarana.">In Indonesia, aquaculture is done through various means.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Kegiatan budidaya yang paling umum dilakukan di kolam/empang, tambak, tangki, karamba, serta karamba apung.">• The most common farming activities carried out at the pool / pond, ponds, tanks, Karamba, as well as floating Karamba.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Domestikasi: kegiatan menjadikan ikan kultur dari ikan liar dengan prospek pasar dan isu lingkungan yang kuat">• Domestication: activity of making cultured fish with wild fish market prospects and strong environmental issues</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Euryhaline: spesies yang memiliki toleransi terhadap salinitas dengan kisaran yang luas">• Euryhaline: species that can tolerate a wide salinity range<br /><br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="DEFINISI AKUAKULTUR">DEFINITION Aquaculture</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="1.">1. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Berasal dari bahasa Inggris: Aqua Culture">Derived from English: Aqua Culture</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Aqua: Perairan,">• Aqua: Water,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Culture: Budidaya">• Culture: Cultivation<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="2.">2. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Akuakultur : kegiatan untuk memproduksi biota (organisme) akuatik dilingkungan terkontrol dalam rangka mendapatkan keuntungan (profit).">Aquaculture: the effort to produce biota (organisms) controlled aquatic environment in order to gain profit (profit).<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="3.">3. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Yang dimaksud budidaya adalah kegiatan pemeliharaan untuk:">The definition of culture is the maintenance activities to:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="a.">a. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Memperbanyak (reproduksi)">Reproduce (reproduction)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="b.">b. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Menumbuhkan (growth)">Growing (growth)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="c.">c. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Meningkatkan mutu biota akuatik sehingga memperoleh keuntungan">Improving the quality of the aquatic biota so as to obtain benefits<br /><br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="TUJUAN USAHA BUDIDAYA">PURPOSE OF FARMING</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Meningkatkan jumlah pangan">• Increase the number of food</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Mengimbangi penurunan persediaan ikan secara alami">• Offsetting the decline in natural fish stocks</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Mencukupi kebutuhan protein hewani">• Sufficient need for animal protein</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Meningkatkan produk lain, seperti: mutiara, rumput laut, dll">• Increase other products, such as: pearl, seaweed, etc.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Persyaratan jenis ikan yang dibudidaya">Requirements of cultured fish species</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Tahan terhadap lingkungan hidup baru">• Resistant to a new environment</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Laju pertumbuhannya cukup tinggi">• The rate of growth is quite high</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Mampu berkembang biak daalam keadaan tertangkap">• Able to breed daalam state caught</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Mampu menyesuaikan diri terhadap makanan buatan yang diberikan">• Able to adjust to the artificial food given</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Dapat dibudidayakan dengan kepadatan tinggi">• Can be cultivated with high density</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Tahan terhadap penyakit dan parasit">• Resistant to disease and parasites</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Memenuhi selera konsumen">• Meets consumer tastes<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Jenis-jenis ikan yang dibudidaya">The types of fish are cultivated</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="1.">1. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Ikan Air Tawar">Freshwater Fish</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Lele (Clarias batracus)">• Catfish (Clarias batracus)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Gurami (Osphyronemus gouramy)">• carp (Osphyronemus gouramy)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Mujair (Tilapia mossambica)">• Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia mossambica)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Nila (Tilapia nilotica)">• Tilapia (Tilapia nilotica)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Tawes (Puntius javanicus)">• Tawes (Puntius javanicus)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Patin (Pangasius pangasius)">• Patin (Pangasius pangasius)<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="2.">2. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Ikan Air Payau">Brackish water fish</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Bandeng (Chanos chanos)">• milkfish (Chanos Chanos)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Udang windu (Penaeus monodon)">• black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="3.">3. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Ikan Air Laut">Sea Water Fish</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Kerapu macan (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)">• Tiger Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis)">• skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Lobster">• Lobster<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Ruang Lingkup Akuakultur">Scope of Aquaculture</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="1.">1. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Kegiatan">Activity</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Subsistem Pengadaan Sarpras produksi">• Procurement Subsystem production Sarpras</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Subsistem Proses Produksi">• Subsystem Production Process</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Subsistem Penanganan Pascapanen & Pemasaran">• Postharvest Handling Subsystem & Marketing</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Subsistem Pendukung">• Support Subsystem<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="2.">2. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Spasial">Spatial</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Pegunungan">• Mountains</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Perbukitan">• Hills</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Dataran tinggi">• Uplands</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Dataran rendah">• Lowland</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Pantai, muara sungai">• Coastal, estuarine river</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Terumbu karang, laut dangkal">• Coral reefs, shallow marine</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Laut lepas">• Sea off<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="3.">3. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Sumber Air">Sources of Water</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Air Tawar (fresh-water culture)">• Fresh Water (fresh-water culture)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Air Payau (brackish-water culture)">• brackish water (Brackish-water culture)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Air Laut (marine culture)">• Sea Water (marine culture)<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="4.">4. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Zonasi Darat-laut">Zoning Land-sea</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Inland aquaculture">• Inland aquaculture</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Marine aquaculture (marine culture)">• Marine aquaculture (marine culture)<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Posisi wadah produksi">Position the container production</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Land-base aquaculture">• Land-base aquaculture</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Water-base aquaculture">• Water-base aquaculture<br /><br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="RUANG LINGKUP BERDASARKAN KEGIATAN">UNDER THE SCOPE OF ACTIVITY<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="A.">A. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="RUANG LINGKUP AKUAKULTUR BERDASARKAN ZONASI DARAT-LAUT">Aquaculture SCOPE OF LAND-SEA BASED ON ZONING</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Inland Aquaculture : kegiatan akuakultur yang dilakukan di darat (land base) dengan menggunakan sumber air berupa air tawar (mata air, sungai, danau, waduk, saluran irigasi, air hujan, air sumur, dan genangan air lainnya) atau air payau.">• Inland aquaculture: aquaculture activities are carried out on land (land base) with the use of water resources in the form of fresh water (springs, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, irrigation, rain water, well water, and other standing water) or brackish water.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Marine aquaculture (mariculture) : kegiatan akuakultur yang dilakukan di laut.">• Marine aquaculture (mariculture): aquaculture activities carried out at sea.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="B.">B. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="RUANG LINGKUP AKUAKULTUR BERDASARKAN POSISI WADAH PRODUKSI">SCOPE OF POSITION BASED IN CONTAINER PRODUCTION Aquaculture</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Land-base aquaculture : kegiatan akuakultur yang berbasiskan daratan, dimana unit budidaya berlokasi di daratan dan mengambil air dari perairan di dekatnya.">• Land-base aquaculture: land-based aquaculture activities, where the unit is located on land cultivation and fetching water from nearby waters.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="- contoh: kolam air tenang, kolam air deras, sawah, dan tambak.">- Example: calm pond water, rain water ponds, rice paddies, and ponds.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="- terdapat pembatas antara unit budidaya dengan perairan sebagai sumber air, minimal oleh pematang sehingga land base aquaculture merupakan sistem tertutup (closed system).">- There is a barrier between the units of cultivation with the waters as a source of water, at least by the dike aquaculture so that land base is a closed system (closed system).</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="- faktor lingkungan eksternal yang mempengaruhi sistem produksi, seperti pencemaran, dapat direduksi dengan cara menutup aliran air masuk ke dalam sistem atau men-treatment air terlebih dahulu sebelum digunakan.">- External environmental factors affecting the production system, such as pollution, can be reduced by closing the flow of water into the system or to the water treatment before use.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Water-base aquaculture : kegiatan akuakultur yang berbasiskan perairan, dimana unit budidaya ditempatkan di badan perairan (sungai, saluran irigasi, danau, waduk, dan laut)">• Water-base aquaculture: marine-based aquaculture activities, where the unit is placed in the cultivation of water bodies (rivers, irrigation canals, lakes, reservoirs, and marine)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="- contoh: jaring apung, rakit apung, jaring tancap, karamba, dll.">- Example: floating nets, floating rafts, nets step, Karamba, etc..</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="- interaksi antara ikan (unit) budidaya dengan lingkungan perairan berlangsung hampir tanpa pembatasan sehingga merupakan sistem terbuka (open system)">- Interaction between fish (units) cultivation with an aquatic environment takes place almost without restriction so that an open system (open system)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="- lebih mudah terkena dampak pencemaran atau sebagai salah satu sumber pencemaran lingkungan.">- More easily affected by pollution or as a source of environmental pollution.<br /><br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="PENGADAAN SARPRAS PRODUKSI">PRODUCTION PROCUREMENT SARPRAS<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="1.">1. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Prasarana:">Infrastructure:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Pemilihan lokasi">• Selection of location</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Pengadaan bahan">• Procurement of materials</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Pembangunan fasilitas">• Construction of the facility<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="2.">2. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Sarana:">Facilities:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Pengadaan induk, benih, pakan, pupuk, obat- obatan, peralatan, tenaga kerja,dsb">• Procurement of stem, seed, feed, fertilizer, medicines, equipment, labor, etc.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="3.">3. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Proses Produksi">Production Process</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Persiapan wadah kultur">• Preparation of culture vessel</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Penebaran">• Spreading</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Pemberian pakan">• Provision of feed</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Pengelolaan lingk.">• Management Lingk.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Pengelolaan kesehatan ikan">• Management of fish health</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Pemantauan ikan">• Monitoring of fish</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Pemanenan">• Harvesting<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="4.">4. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Penanganan Pasca panen & Pemasaran">Post-harvest Handling & Marketing</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Peningkatan mutu produk">• Improved product quality</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Distribusi produk">• Distribution of products</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Pelayanan konsumen">• Consumer Services<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="5.">5. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Pendukung">Support</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Aspek hukum">• Legal aspects</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Aspek keuangan">• Financial aspects</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="• Aspek kelembagaan">• Institutional Aspects<br /><br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="MANAJEMEN PRODUKSI AKUAKULTUR">PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT Aquaculture</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="1.">1. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Manajemen Kolam">Fitness Management</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="2.">2. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Manajemen Benih">Seed Management</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="3.">3. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Manajemen Pakan (Pemberian)">Feed Management (Provision)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="4.">4. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Manajemen Kualitas air">Water Quality Management</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="5.">5. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Manajemen Kesehatan ikan">Fish Health Management</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="6.">6. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Manajemen Panen">Harvest Management<br /><br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="PROSES MANAJEMEN PRODUKSI AKUAKULTUR">Aquaculture PRODUCTION PROCESS MANAGEMENT<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Contoh kegiatan proses produksi akuakultur">Examples of aquaculture production activities</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="1.">1. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Persiapan Wadah:">Preparation of Containers:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="a.">a. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Pengeringan">Drying</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="b.">b. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Perbaikan">Improvement</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="c.">c. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Pemupukan">Fertilization</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="d.">d. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Pengisian air">Charging water</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="2.">2. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Pengelolaan air">Water management</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="3.">3. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Penebaran benih">Spreading the seed</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="4.">4. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Pemberian pakan">Feeding</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="5.">5. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Pemberantasan hama dan penyakit">Eradication of pests and diseases</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="6.">6. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Pemantauan pertumbuhan">Monitoring of growth</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="7.">7. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" title="Pemanenan">Harvesting</span>
</div>Unknownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17877193240044731627noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502920490105778198.post-90858766441454644892012-01-10T17:27:00.000-08:002012-01-10T17:27:07.094-08:00CARA MEMBUAT SALURAN PEMBUANGAN AIR PERMUKAAN DAN DASAR KOLAM TERPAL<span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="A.">A. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="ALAT DAN BAHAN">EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="1.">1. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="3bh paralon panjang @1m.an ukuran 1” – 2” sesuai selera (lebih besar lebih baik)">3bh paralon panjang@1m.an size 1 "- 2" according to taste (the bigger the better)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="• 1bh untuk vertikal didalam kolam (paralon A)">• 1bh to vertical in the pool (paralon A)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="• 1bh untuk memanjang didasar kolam (dibawah terpal).">• 1bh to elongate based ponds (under tarps). </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(paralon B)">(Paralon B)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="• 1bh untuk vertikal diluar kolam (paralon C)">• 1bh for vertical outside the pool (paralon C)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="2.">2. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="1bh paralon pendek, ukuran 10-15cm (ukuran sesuai paralon diatas) (paralon D)">Paralon 1bh short, size 10-15cm (size according paralon above) (paralon D)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="3.">3. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="1bh knee yg leherna lebar (ukuran menyesuaikan paralon) (knee A)">1bh reply leherna knee width (adjust size paralon) (knee A)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="4.">4. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="1bh knee yg leherna pendek (ukuran menyesuaikan paralon) (knee B)">1bh reply leherna knee shorts (size adjusting paralon) (knee B)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="5.">5. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="1bh sok drat dalam (pake yg satu merek dengan sok drat luar, biar lebih pas putaran ulirnya) (ukuran menyesuaikan paralon)">1bh quasi drat in (pake other one with a quasi-brand external drat, though more fitting round ulirnya) (adjust size paralon)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="6.">6. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="1bh sok drat luar (pake yg satu merek dengan sok drat dalam, biar lebih pas putaran ulirnya) (ukuran menyesuaikan paralon)">Drat quasi 1bh outside (yg pake one brand with a quasi-drat in, though more fitting round ulirnya) (adjust size paralon)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="7.">7. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="1bh lem aica aibon/ lem tangit">1bh aica aibon glue / glue tangit</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="8.">8. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Amplas">Sandpaper</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="9.">9. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pisau cutter yg baru n tajam.">new-cutter knife n sharp.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="10.">10. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="bor n mata bor kecil.">n drill small drill bit.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="11.">11. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Gergaji besi">Hacksaw<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="B.">B. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="PERSIAPAN LAHAN:">LAND PREPARATION:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="1.">1. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="buat lubang (caren-istilah jawa) di tanah di salah satu sisi dekat kerangka bambu ukuran 50cm x 50cm sedalam 20-30cm.">make a hole (caren-term Java) on the ground on one side near the bamboo frame size 50cm x 50cm 20-30cm deep.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="2.">2. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="atur dasar kolam supaya miring semua kearah caren/lubang tersebut.">set the bottom of the pool so skewed towards all caren / hole. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="kemiringan 10% saja sudah cukup saya kira.">slope of 10% is enough I guess.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="3.">3. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="usahakan permukaan tanah kolam dan caren mulus, ndak ada batu2/kerikil, supaya ndak merusak terpal kalau diinjak injak dan memudahkan kotoran lewat (tidak terhalang gundukan2 batu/tanah)">try ground pool and caren smooth, there ndak batu2/kerikil, so ndak damage if trodden underfoot sheeting and dirt facilitate passing (not obstructed gundukan2 rock / soil)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="4.">4. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="tebari sekam setebal 10cm didasar kolam dan caren supaya lebih empuk ketika diinjak.">Tebari 10cm thick husk based caren pool and make it more tender when stepped on.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="5.">5. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="buat galian yg dalam dan memanjang, dari tengah-tengah caren sampe luar kolam.">for excavation and extends the reply, from the middle out of the pool until caren. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="untuk meletakkan paralon dibawah terpal.">to lay plastic gutter under the tarp.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="6.">6. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="gelar terpal dan ditata, tapi jangan diikat-ikat dulu, kita masi harus memasang sok drat dalam dkk.na.">degree tarp and laid out, but do not be tied-belt first, we need to attach quasi masi drat in dkk.na.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="C.">C. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="PEMASANGAN INSTALASI PEMBUANGAN AIR DASAR.">INSTALLATION INSTALLATION OF WATER DISPOSAL.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="HINTS:">Hints:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="urutan instalasi pembuangan air dasar dari atas ke bawah.">installation of basic drainage sequence from top to bottom.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="1.">1. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="sok drat dalam">quasi drat in</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="2.">2. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="terpal (yg kemudian dilubang setelah dijepit)">sheeting (who later dilubang after stapled)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="3.">3. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="paralon D">paralon D</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="4.">4. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="knee A">A knee</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="5.">5. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="paralon B.">paralon B.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="1.">1. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="gergaji salah satu ujung paralon D tersebut sedalam 5cm.">one end paralon saws D is 5cm deep.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="2.">2. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="amplas bagian luar paralon D tersebut dan bagian dalam dari sok drat dalam tersebut sampe berasa kasar.">paralon D sandpaper exterior and interior of the quasi-drat in the rough until tasteless.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="3.">3. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="olesi dengan aica aibon bagian yg diamplas tadi">spread with aica aibon part and sanded before</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="4.">4. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pasang (urutannya dr bawah) paralon D - terpal (pas dibagian tengah caren) - sok drat dalam">pairs (the sequence from below) paralon D - tarpaulin (right in the middle caren) - quasi-drat in</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="5.">5. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="jepitkan terpal ke paralon D, dan masukkan sok drat dalam kedalam paralon tersebut.">sheeting clip to paralon D, and enter into a quasi-drat in the paralon.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="• terpal akan terjepit antara paralon D n sok drat dalam.">• sheeting will be squeezed between paralon D n in the quasi-drat.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="• akan sangat susah untuk memasukkan sok drat dalamnya.">• will be very difficult to incorporate quasi-drat it.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(jadi harus dibantu dipukul-pukul pelan-pelan supaya masuk sampe pol)">(So it must be assisted pounded slowly in order to go until pol)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="6.">6. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="kalau sudah masuk pol, diamkan dulu supaya lem kering n tidak bisa geser-geser lagi.">when it entered pol, please allow the glue to dry n-slide can not slide anymore.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="7.">7. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="terpal yg terjepit tadi bagian dalamna disobek pake cutter, jadi berlubang sekarang.">who caught the tarp was ripped pake dalamna cutter, so hollow now.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(dari lubang inilah, nantinya air akan mengalir keluar kolam)">(From this hole, water will be flowing out of the pool)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="8.">8. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="trus disisi pralon D yang lainna dipasangi knee A.">trus pralon D side which fitted knee lainna A. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="dilem supaya kuat.">glued so strong.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="9.">9. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="trus disisi knee A yg lain dipasangi paralon B.">trus other side of the knee who fitted paralon A B. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="dibawah terpal.">under the tarp.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="10.">10. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="tata/masukkan pasangan sok drat dalam + paralon D + knee A + paralon B, tadi kedalam tanah (lihat poin B.5 diatas), atur supaya sok drat dalam sejajar dengan permukaan caren.">layout / insert pairs in quasi drat paralon + D + A + knee paralon B, was into the ground (see point B.5 above), arrange for quasi drat in parallel to the surface caren.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="11.">11. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="untuk dapat hasil yang rata (tidak ada tongolan):">to be the result of a flat (no tongolan):</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="terpal bisa diangkat keatas sampe menyelimuti sok drat dalam kemudian terpal dilem sampai ujung sok penyambung dan di beri ring besi di ujung sok.">sheeting can be removed up until tomorrow drat enveloped in tarpaulin and then glued to the end of quasi-junction and was given an iron ring at the end of tomorrow.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="kemudian ditanam sampe dalam/lebih rendah dari permukaan caren.">then planted until the / lower than the surface caren.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="itulah tujuan pada poin B.5 pada document aplesi.">That's the purpose in points B.5 in document aplesi.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="jadi nanti ada 3 elevasi.">Will there be a third elevation. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="elevasi tertinggi adalah kolam kemudian turun ke caren dan kemudian turun ke saluran pembuangan.">The highest elevation is the pool and then down to caren and then dropped down the drain.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="12.">12. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="jepit paralon B pake potongan besi 8 supaya ndak geser2 dan ditimbuni dengan tanah.">flops paralon B pake iron pieces 8 to ndak geser2 and filled in with soil.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="sampe sini kita sudah membuat lubang dan saluran pada DASAR kolam terpal, yg berfungsi untuk membuang kotoran didasar kolam.">here until we've made the holes and channels in BASIC pool tarp, which serves to remove dirt based pool.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="TIPS:">TIPS:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="1.">1. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="buat selokan agak besar dan lebar diujung paralon B, untuk menampung air buangan kolam dan mengalirkan air nya ke selokan utama.">create a rather large and wide ditch paralon B tip, to accommodate the wastewater pond and its water flows into the main sewer.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="2.">2. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Atau bisa juga air buangan dialirkan ke kolam terpal tandon yang posisina lebih rendah dengan cara mengeduk tanah kemudian dilapisi terpal.">Or it can also waste water flowed into a pond tarp posisina lower reservoir in a way to rake the soil and then covered with tarps. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(kolam tandon ini bisa juga dipakai sebagai kolam Azolla)">(Pond reservoir can also be used as a pool Azolla)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="3.">3. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Bila kita membuat beberapa kolam yang berjejer, buat posisi caren di setiap kolam ditempat yang sama.">When we make a few ponds that line, make caren position in each pool the same place. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ini akan membuat kolam kelihatan lebih rapi.">This will make the pond look more presentable.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="D.">D. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="INSTALASI PEMBUANGAN AIR PERMUKAAN KOLAM">SURFACE WATER DISPOSAL POND INSTALLATION</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="1.">1. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Sambungkan sok drat luar dan paralon A.">Connect the external and quasi drat paralon A. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Dilem biar kuat.">Glued let strong.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="2.">2. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Cara pemasangan ke lubang tinggal diputar aja.">Way of fitting into the hole to stay rotated wrote. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Sok drat dalam ketemu sok drat luar.">See you tomorrow Sok drat drat the outside.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="3.">3. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Asumsi ketinggian kolam adalah 1m, dan ketinggian air maksimal adalah 80cm.">Assumptions pool elevation is 1m, and the maximum water height is 80cm. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Maka paralon A dilubangi menggunakan bor+mata bor kecil setinggi 80cm.">A perforated plastic gutter then use a small drill bit drill + height 80cm.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="4.">4. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pembuangan air atas sudah selesai.">Upper drainage is complete. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketika air akan naik melebihi 80cm, maka air akan keluar melalui lubang-lubang kecil tersebut.">When the water will rise above 80cm, then the water will come out through the small holes.</span>Unknownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17877193240044731627noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502920490105778198.post-74454468537153431342012-01-10T17:20:00.000-08:002012-01-10T17:20:19.002-08:00LAW ON FISHERIES<span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="UNDANG-UNDANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 45 TAHUN 2009">LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NUMBER 45 OF 2009</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="TENTANG PERUBAHAN ATAS UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 31 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG PERIKANAN">AMENDMENT OF THE LAW NUMBER 31 OF 2004 CONCERNING FISHERIES<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="DENGAN RAHMAT TUHAN YANG MAHA ESA">BY THE GRACE OF GOD ALMIGHTY<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA,">PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA,<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Menimbang :">Considering:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="a.">a. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="bahwa perairan yang berada dalam kedaulatan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia dan Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia serta laut lepas mengandung sumber daya ikan yang potensial dan sebagai lahan pembudidayaan ikan merupakan berkah dari Tuhan Yang Maha Esa yang diamanatkan kepada bangsa Indonesia yang memiliki falsafah hidup Pancasila dan Undang-Undang">that the waters within the sovereignty of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia and the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone as well as containing high seas fishery resources and potential as a fish breeding area was a blessing from God Almighty that are mandated to the Indonesian people who have a life philosophy of Pancasila and the Constitution </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, dengan memperhatikan daya dukung yang ada dan kelestariannya untuk dimanfaatkan sebesarbesarnya bagi kesejahteraan dan kemakmuran rakyat Indonesia;">Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945, taking into account the existing carrying capacity and sustainability for sebesarbesarnya utilized for the welfare and prosperity of the people of Indonesia;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="b.">b. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="bahwa pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan belum memberikan peningkatan taraf hidup yang berkelanjutan dan berkeadilan melalui pengelolaan perikanan, pengawasan, dan sistem penegakan hokum yang optimal;">that the utilization of fish resources yet provide improved living standards through sustainable and equitable fisheries management, supervision, and optimal law enforcement system;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="c.">c. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="bahwa Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2004 tentang Perikanan belum sepenuhnya mampu mengantisipasi perkembangan teknologi dan kebutuhan hukum dalam rangka pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan potensi sumber daya ikan;">that Law Number 31 Year 2004 concerning Fisheries has not been fully able to anticipate technological developments and legal requirements in the management and utilization potential of fish resources;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="d.">d. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="bahwa berdasarkan pertimbangan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam huruf a, huruf b, dan huruf c perlu membentuk Undang-Undang tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2004 tentang Perikanan;">Based on the considerations as meant in letter a, b, and c need to establish the Law on Amendments to Law No. 31 of 2004 on Fisheries;<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Mengingat : Pasal 20, Pasal 21, dan Pasal 33 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945;">In view of: Article 20, Article 21 and Article 33 paragraph (3) of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945;<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Dengan Persetujuan Bersama">With the approval of the Joint</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT REPUBLIK INDONESIA">HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="dan">and</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA">PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="M E M U T U S K A N:">M U M E N T S K A N:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Menetapkan : UNDANG-UNDANG TENTANG PERUBAHAN ATAS UNDANGUNDANG NOMOR 31 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG PERIKANAN.">Setting: LAW ON AMENDMENT legislation NUMBER 31 YEAR 2004 CONCERNING FISHERIES.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="PASAL I">ARTICLE I</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Beberapa ketentuan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2004 tentang Perikanan (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2004 Nomor 118, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 4433) diubah sebagai berikut:">Several provisions in the Act No. 31 of 2004 on Fisheries (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Year 2004 Number 118, Additional State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4433) are amended as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="1.">1. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 1 angka 11 dan angka 24 diubah, sehingga Pasal 1 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">The provisions of Article 1 number 11 and number 24 has been changed, so Article 1 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 1">Article 1</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Dalam Undang-Undang ini yang dimaksud dengan:">In this Act referred to as:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="1.">1. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Perikanan adalah semua kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan dan lingkungannya mulai dari praproduksi, produksi, pengolahan sampai dengan pemasaran yang dilaksanakan dalam suatu system bisnis perikanan.">Fishing is all the activities associated with the management and utilization of fish resources and the environment ranging from preproduction, production, processing up to the marketing system implemented in a fishing business.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="2.">2. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Sumber daya ikan adalah potensi semua jenis ikan.">Fish resources is a potential for all kinds of fish.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="3.">3. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Lingkungan sumber daya ikan adalah perairan tempat kehidupan sumber daya ikan, termasuk biota dan faktor alamiah sekitarnya.">Environmental resources are the waters where the fish lives of fish resources, including biota and the surrounding natural factors.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="4.">4. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ikan adalah segala jenis organisme yang seluruh atau sebagian dari siklus hidupnya berada di dalam lingkungan perairan.">Fish are all kinds of organisms that all or part of their life cycle within the aquatic environment.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="5.">5. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Penangkapan ikan adalah kegiatan untuk memperoleh ikan di perairan yang tidak dalam keadaan dibudidayakan dengan alat atau cara apa pun, termasuk kegiatan yang menggunakan kapal untuk memuat, mengangkut, menyimpan, mendinginkan, menangani, mengolah, dan/atau mengawetkannya.">Fishing is an activity to obtain fish in waters that are not in a state cultivated by means or by any means, including activities that use the vessel for loading, transporting, storing, cooling, handling, processing, and / or preserve it.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="6.">6. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pembudidayaan ikan adalah kegiatan untuk memelihara, membesarkan, dan/atau membiakkan ikan serta memanen hasilnya dalam lingkungan yang terkontrol, termasuk kegiatan yang menggunakan kapal untuk memuat, mengangkut, menyimpan, mendinginkan, menangani, mengolah, dan/atau mengawetkannya.">Fish breeding is an activity to nurture, raising, and / or breed fish and harvest results in a controlled environment, including activities that use the vessel for loading, transporting, storing, cooling, handling, processing, and / or preserve it.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="7.">7. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pengelolaan perikanan adalah semua upaya, termasuk proses yang terintegrasi dalam pengumpulan informasi, analisis, perencanaan, konsultasi, pembuatan keputusan, alokasi sumber daya ikan, dan implementasi serta penegakan hukum dari peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang perikanan, yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah atau otoritas lain yang">Fisheries management is all the effort, including integrated processes in information gathering, analysis, planning, consultation, decision making, allocation of fish resources, and implementation and enforcement of legislation in the field of fisheries, conducted by the government or other authority </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="diarahkan untuk mencapai kelangsungan produktivitas sumber daya hayati perairan dan tujuan yang telah disepakati.">directed to achieve the continuity of biological productivity of aquatic resources and the agreed objectives.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="8.">8. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Konservasi Sumber Daya Ikan adalah upaya perlindungan, pelestarian, dan pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan, termasuk ekosistem, jenis, dan genetic untuk menjamin keberadaan, ketersediaan, dan kesinambungannya dengan tetap memelihara dan meningkatkan kualitas nilai dan keanekaragaman sumber daya ikan.">Fish Resources Conservation is the protection, preservation, and utilization of fish resources, including ecosystems, species, and genetic to ensure the existence, availability, and continuity while maintaining and improving the quality and diversity of fish resources.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="9.">9. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Kapal Perikanan adalah kapal, perahu, atau alat apung lain yang digunakan untuk melakukan penangkapan ikan, mendukung operasi penangkapan ikan, pembudidayaan ikan, pengangkutan ikan, pengolahan ikan, pelatihan perikanan, dan penelitian/eksplorasi perikanan.">Fishing boats are boats, boat or other floating device used for fishing, support fishing operations, fish farming, fish transportation, fish processing, fisheries training, and research / exploratory fisheries.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="10.">10. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Nelayan adalah orang yang mata pencahariannya melakukan penangkapan ikan.">Fishermen are the people who make their living from fishing.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="11.">11. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Nelayan Kecil adalah orang yang mata pencahariannya melakukan penangkapan ikan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari yang menggunakan kapal perikanan berukuran paling besar 5 (lima) gross ton (GT).">Small fishermen whose livelihoods were fishing to meet the needs of daily living using the largest-sized fishing boats 5 (five) gross tons (GT).</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="12.">12. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pembudi Daya Ikan adalah orang yang mata pencahariannya melakukan pembudidayaan ikan.">Fish Resources Pembudi are people who make their living doing fish breeding.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="13.">13. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pembudi Daya-Ikan Kecil adalah orang yang mata pencahariannya melakukan pembudidayaan ikan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari.">Pembudi Power Small-Fish is a person whose livelihoods do fish breeding to meet the needs of everyday life.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="14.">14. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Setiap Orang adalah orang perseorangan atau korporasi.">Each person is an individual or corporation.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="15.">15. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Korporasi adalah kumpulan orang dan/atau kekayaan yang terorganisasi baik merupakan badan hukum maupun bukan badan hukum.">Corporation is a group of people and / or well-organized wealth is not a legal entity or legal entity.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="16.">16. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Surat Izin Usaha Perikanan, yang selanjutnya disebut SIUP, adalah izin tertulis yang harus dimiliki perusahaan perikanan untuk melakukan usaha perikanan dengan menggunakan sarana produksi yang tercantum dalam izin tersebut.">Fisheries Business License, Business License, hereinafter referred to, is written permission that must be owned fishery company to do fishing business by using the production facilities listed in the permit.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="17.">17. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Surat Izin Penangkapan Ikan, yang selanjutnya disebut SIPI, adalah izin tertulis yang harus dimiliki setiap kapal perikanan untuk melakukan penangkapan ikan yang merupakan bagian tidak terpisahkan dari SIUP.">Fishing License, hereinafter called the SIPI, is written permission to possess any fishing vessel to catch fish that are an integral part of the Business License.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="18.">18. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Surat Izin Kapal Pengangkut Ikan, yang selanjutnya disebut SIKPI, adalah izin tertulis yang harus dimiliki setiap kapal perikanan untuk melakukan pengangkutan ikan.">Ship Fish Carrier Permit, hereinafter referred to as SIKPI, is written permission to possess any fishing vessel for transporting the fish.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="19.">19. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Laut Teritorial Indonesia adalah jalur laut selebar 12 (dua belas) mil laut yang diukur dari garis pangkal kepulauan Indonesia.">Indonesia Territorial Sea is a sea lane width of twelve (12) nautical miles measured from the archipelagic baselines of Indonesia.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="20.">20. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Perairan Indonesia adalah laut teritorial Indonesia beserta perairan kepulauan dan perairan pedalamannya.">Indonesian waters are the territorial sea and archipelagic waters of Indonesia and its hinterland waters.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="21.">21. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia, yang selanjutnya disebut ZEEI, adalah jalur di luar dan berbatasan dengan laut teritorial Indonesia sebagaimana ditetapkan berdasarkan undangundang yang berlaku tentang perairan Indonesia yang meliputi dasar laut, tanah di bawahnya, dan air di atasnya dengan batas terluar 200 (dua ratus)">Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone, hereinafter referred to as ZEEI, is the path beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea of Indonesia as defined by the applicable legislation concerning Indonesian waters covering the sea floor, the ground beneath, and water on it with the outer limit of 200 (two hundred) </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="mil laut yang diukur dari garis pangkal laut territorial Indonesia.">nautical miles measured from the baseline of the territorial sea of Indonesia.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="22.">22. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Laut Lepas adalah bagian dari laut yang tidak termasuk dalam ZEEI, laut teritorial Indonesia, perairan kepulauan Indonesia, dan perairan pedalaman Indonesia.">High Seas is part of the sea that are not included in ZEEI, Indonesia's territorial sea, archipelagic waters of Indonesia, Indonesia and inland waters.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="23.">23. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pelabuhan Perikanan adalah tempat yang terdiri atas daratan dan perairan di sekitarnya dengan batas-batas tertentu sebagai tempat kegiatan pemerintahan dan kegiatan sistem bisnis perikanan yang digunakan sebagai tempat kapal perikanan bersandar, berlabuh, dan/atau bongkar muat ikan yang dilengkapi dengan fasilitas keselamatan pelayaran dan kegiatan">Fishery Port is a place that consists of land and surrounding waters with certain limits as a place of government activities and activities of the fishing business system that is used as a fishing boat rests, anchored, and / or unloading of fish that comes with shipping safety facilities and activities </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="penunjang perikanan.">supporting fisheries.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="24.">24. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Menteri adalah menteri yang membidangi urusan perikanan.">Minister is the minister in charge of fisheries affairs.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="25.">25. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pemerintah adalah Pemerintah Pusat.">Government is the Central Government.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="26.">26. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pemerintah Daerah adalah pemerintah provinsi dan/atau pemerintah kabupaten/ kota.">Local Government is the provincial government and / or the district / city.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="2.">2. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 2 diubah sehingga Pasal 2 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">The provisions of Article 2 is amended so Article 2 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 2">Article 2</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pengelolaan perikanan dilakukan berdasarkan asas:">Fisheries management is based on the principle:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="a.">a. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="manfaat;">benefits;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="b.">b. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="keadilan;">justice;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="c.">c. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="kebersamaan;">togetherness;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="d.">d. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="kemitraan;">partnership;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="e.">e. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="kemandirian;">independence;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="f.">f. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pemerataan;">equalization;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="g.">g. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="keterpaduan;">integration;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="h.">h. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="keterbukaan;">openness;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="i.">i. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="efisiensi;">efficiency;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="j.">j. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="kelestarian; dan">sustainability; and</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="k.">k. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pembangunan yang berkelanjutan.">of sustainable development.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="3.">3. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 7 diubah sehingga Pasal 7 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">The provisions of Article 7 are amended so that Article 7 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 7">Article 7</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Dalam rangka mendukung kebijakan pengelolaan sumber daya ikan, Menteri menetapkan:">(1) In order to support the policy of management of fish resources, the Minister determine:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="a.">a. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="rencana pengelolaan perikanan;">fishery management plans;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="b.">b. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="potensi dan alokasi sumber daya ikan di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia;">potential and the allocation of fish resources in the fishery management area of the Republic of Indonesia;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="c.">c. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="jumlah tangkapan yang diperbolehkan di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia;">allowable catches in the fishery management area of the Republic of Indonesia;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="d.">d. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="potensi dan alokasi lahan pembudidayaan ikan di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia;">potential for fish farming and land allocations in the fishery management area of the Republic of Indonesia;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="e.">e. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="potensi dan alokasi induk serta benih ikan tertentu di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia;">potential and stem as well as the allocation of certain fish in the fishery management area of the Republic of Indonesia;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="f.">f. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="jenis, jumlah, dan ukuran alat penangkapan ikan;">type, quantity, and size of fishing gear;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="g.">g. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="jenis, jumlah, ukuran, dan penempatan alat bantu penangkapan ikan;">type, number, size, and placement of fishing tools;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="h.">h. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="daerah, jalur, dan waktu atau musim penangkapan ikan;">areas, pathways, and the time or the fishing season;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="i.">i. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="persyaratan atau standar prosedur operasional penangkapan ikan;">requirement or standard operating procedures of fishing;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="j.">j. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pelabuhan perikanan;">fishing port;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="k.">k. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="sistem pemantauan kapal perikanan;">fisheries vessel monitoring system;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="l.">l. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="jenis ikan baru yang akan dibudidayakan;">new fish species to be cultivated;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="m.">m. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="jenis ikan dan wilayah penebaran kembali serta penangkapan ikan berbasis budi daya;">and the stocking of fish species and fishing-based re-cultivation;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="n.">n. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pembudidayaan ikan dan perlindungannya;">fish breeding and protection;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="o.">o. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pencegahan pencemaran dan kerusakan sumber daya ikan serta lingkungannya;">prevention of pollution and damage to fish resources and the environment;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="p.">p. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="rehabilitasi dan peningkatan sumber daya ikan serta lingkungannya;">rehabilitation and enhancement of fish resources and the environment;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="q.">q. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="ukuran atau berat minimum jenis ikan yang boleh ditangkap;">minimum size or weight of fish species that may be caught;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="r.">r. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="kawasan konservasi perairan;">water conservation;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="s.">s. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="wabah dan wilayah wabah penyakit ikan;">outbreak and the outbreak of fish disease;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="t.">t. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="jenis ikan yang dilarang untuk diperdagangkan, dimasukkan, dan dikeluarkan ke dan dari wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia; dan">fish species that are prohibited to be traded, inserted, and removed to and from the territory of the Republic of Indonesia; and</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="u.">u. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="jenis ikan yang dilindungi.">protected fish species.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Setiap orang yang melakukan usaha dan/atau kegiatan pengelolaan perikanan wajib mematuhi ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) mengenai:">(2) Any person conducting business and / or fisheries management activities shall comply with the provisions referred to in paragraph (1) concerning:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="a.">a. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="jenis, jumlah, dan ukuran alat penangkapan ikan;">type, quantity, and size of fishing gear;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="b.">b. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="jenis, jumlah, ukuran, dan penempatan alat bantu penangkapan ikan;">type, number, size, and placement of fishing tools;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="c.">c. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="daerah, jalur, dan waktu atau musim penangkapan ikan;">areas, pathways, and the time or the fishing season;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="d.">d. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="persyaratan atau standar prosedur operasional penangkapan ikan;">requirement or standard operating procedures of fishing;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="e.">e. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="sistem pemantauan kapal perikanan;">fisheries vessel monitoring system;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="f.">f. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="jenis ikan baru yang akan dibudidayakan;">new fish species to be cultivated;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="g.">g. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="jenis ikan dan wilayah penebaran kembali serta penangkapan ikan berbasis budi daya;">and the stocking of fish species and fishing-based re-cultivation;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="h.">h. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pembudidayaan ikan dan perlindungannya;">fish breeding and protection;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="i.">i. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pencegahan pencemaran dan kerusakan sumber daya ikan serta lingkungannya;">prevention of pollution and damage to fish resources and the environment;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="j.">j. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="ukuran atau berat minimum jenis ikan yang boleh ditangkap;">minimum size or weight of fish species that may be caught;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="k.">k. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="kawasan konservasi perairan;">water conservation;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="l.">l. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="wabah dan wilayah wabah penyakit ikan;">outbreak and the outbreak of fish disease;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="m.">m. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="jenis ikan yang dilarang untuk diperdagangkan, dimasukkan, dan dikeluarkan ke dan dari wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia; dan">fish species that are prohibited to be traded, inserted, and removed to and from the territory of the Republic of Indonesia; and</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="n.">n. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="jenis ikan yang dilindungi.">protected fish species.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(3) Kewajiban mematuhi ketentuan mengenai system pemantauan kapal perikanan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) huruf e, tidak berlaku bagi nelayan kecil dan/atau pembudi daya-ikan kecil.">(3) The obligation to comply with provisions regarding fisheries vessel monitoring system as referred to in paragraph (2) letter e, does not apply to fishermen and / or power-pembudi small fish.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(4) Menteri menetapkan potensi dan jumlah tangkapan yang diperbolehkan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) huruf b dan huruf c setelah mempertimbangkan rekomendasi dari komisi nasional yang mengkaji sumber daya ikan.">(4) The Minister shall determine the potential and the amount of allowable catch referred to in paragraph (1) letters b and c after considering the recommendations of the national commission that assesses fish resources.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(5) Komisi nasional sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (4) dibentuk oleh Menteri dan beranggotakan para ahli di bidangnya yang berasal dari lembaga terkait.">(5) The national commission referred to in paragraph (4) is formed by the Minister and composed of experts in their fields derived from the relevant institutions.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(6) Menteri menetapkan jenis ikan yang dilindungi dan kawasan konservasi perairan untuk kepentingan ilmu pengetahuan, kebudayaan, pariwisata, dan/atau kelestarian sumber daya ikan dan/atau lingkungannya.">(6) The Minister shall determine the type of fish are protected and water conservation for the sake of science, culture, tourism, and / or preservation of fish resources and / or the environment.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="4.">4. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 9 diubah sehingga Pasal 9 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">The provisions of Article 9 amended so that Article 9 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 9">Article 9</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Setiap orang dilarang memiliki, menguasai, membawa, dan/atau menggunakan alat penangkapan dan/atau alat bantu penangkapan ikan yang mengganggu dan merusak keberlanjutan sumber daya ikan di kapal penangkap ikan di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia.">(1) Any person prohibited from owning, controlling, carrying, and / or use of fishing and / or assistive devices that interfere with fishing and damaging the sustainability of fish resources in the fishing vessels in the fishery management area of the Republic of Indonesia.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Ketentuan mengenai alat penangkapan dan/atau alat bantu penangkapan ikan yang mengganggu dan merusak keberlanjutan sumber daya ikan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) diatur dengan Peraturan Menteri.">(2) Provisions concerning fishing equipment and / or assistive devices that interfere with fishing and damaging the sustainability of fish resources as referred to in paragraph (1) is regulated by the Minister.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="5.">5. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 14 ayat (3) diubah, sehingga Pasal 14 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">The provisions of Article 14 paragraph (3) amended so that Article 14 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 14">Article 14</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Pemerintah mengatur dan/atau mengembangkan pemanfaatan plasma nutfah yang berkaitan dengan sumber daya ikan dalam rangka pelestarian ekosistem dan pemuliaan sumber daya ikan.">(1) The Government shall regulate and / or develop germplasm utilization related to fish resources in the context of ecosystem conservation and breeding of fish resources.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Setiap orang wajib melestarikan plasma nutfah yang berkaitan dengan sumber daya ikan.">(2) Every person required to preserve germplasm related to fish resources.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(3) Pemerintah mengendalikan pemasukan dan/atau pengeluaran ikan jenis baru dari dan ke luar negeri dan/atau lalu lintas antarpulau untuk menjamin kelestarian plasma nutfah yang berkaitan dengan sumber daya ikan.">(3) The government controls the entry and / or spending on new types of fish to and from abroad and / or traffic islands to ensure the conservation of germplasm related to fish resources.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(4) Setiap orang dilarang merusak plasma nutfah yang berkaitan dengan sumber daya ikan.">(4) Any person prohibited from genetic damage related to fish resources.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(5) Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai pemanfaatan dan pelestarian plasma nutfah sumber daya ikan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1), ayat (2), dan ayat (3), diatur dengan Peraturan Pemerintah.">(5) Further provisions on the utilization and conservation of fish germplasm resources as referred to in paragraph (1), paragraph (2), and paragraph (3), regulated by Government Regulation.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="6.">6. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Di antara Pasal 15 dan Pasal 16 disisipkan 1 (satu) pasal yakni Pasal 15A, yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:">Between Article 15 and Article 16 inserted 1 (one) Article, namely Article 15A, which reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 15A">Article 15A</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pemerintah mengatur pengendalian mutu induk dan benih ikan yang dibudidayakan.">The government set up quality control stem and seeds of cultivated fish.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="7.">7. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 18 ditambah 2 (dua) ayat yakni ayat (3) dan ayat (4), sehingga Pasal 18 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">The provisions of Article 18 plus 2 (two) verses which subsection (3) and paragraph (4), so that Article 18 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 18">Article 18</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Pemerintah mengatur dan membina tata pemanfaatan air dan lahan pembudidayaan ikan.">(1) The Government shall regulate and foster the utilization of water governance and land fish breeding.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Pengaturan dan pembinaan tata pemanfaatan air dan lahan pembudidayaan ikan, sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dilakukan dalam rangka menjamin kuantitas dan kualitas air untuk kepentingan pembudidayaan ikan.">(2) The regulation and supervision system of water utilization and land fish breeding, as referred to in paragraph (1) conducted in order to guarantee the quantity and quality of water for fish breeding interests.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(3) Pelaksanaan tata pemanfaatan air dan lahan pembudidayaan ikan dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah.">(3) The governance of water utilization and land fish breeding carried out by local governments.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(4) Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai pengaturan dan pembinaan tata pemanfaatan air dan lahan pembudidayaan ikan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dan ayat (2) diatur dengan Peraturan Pemerintah.">(4) Further provisions regarding the regulation and supervision system of water utilization and land fish breeding as referred to in paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) regulated by Government Regulation.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="8.">8. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 23 ditambah 1 (satu) ayat yakni ayat (3), sehingga Pasal 23 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">Provisions of Article 23 plus 1 (one) verse which paragraph (3), so that Article 23 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 23">Article 23</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Setiap orang dilarang menggunakan bahan baku, bahan tambahan makanan, bahan penolong, dan/atau alat yang membahayakan kesehatan manusia dan/atau lingkungan dalam melaksanakan penanganan dan pengolahan ikan.">(1) Any person prohibited from use of raw materials, food additives, auxiliary materials, and / or equipment which endanger human health and / or the environment in carrying out the handling and processing fish.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Pemerintah menetapkan bahan baku, bahan tambahan makanan, bahan penolong, dan/atau alat yang membahayakan kesehatan manusia dan/atau lingkungan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1).">(2) The Government shall determine the raw materials, food additives, auxiliary materials, and / or equipment which endanger human health and / or the environment as referred to in paragraph (1).</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(3) Pemerintah melakukan sosialisasi bahan baku, bahan tambahan makanan, bahan penolong, dan/atau alat yang membahayakan kesehatan manusia dan/atau lingkungan.">(3) The dissemination of raw materials, food additives, auxiliary materials, and / or equipment which endanger human health and / or the environment.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="9.">9. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 25 diubah sehingga Pasal 25 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">The provisions of Article 25 are amended so that Article 25 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 25">Article 25</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Usaha perikanan dilaksanakan dalam sistem bisnis perikanan, meliputi praproduksi, produksi, pengolahan, dan pemasaran.">(1) Business fisheries conducted in the fishing business systems, including preproduction, production, processing, and marketing.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai praproduksi, produksi, pengolahan, dan pemasaran sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri.">(2) Further provisions on the preproduction, production, processing, and marketing as referred to in paragraph (1) Regulation of the Minister.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="10.">10. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Di antara Pasal 25 dan Pasal 26 disisipkan 3 (tiga) pasal yakni Pasal 25A, Pasal 25B, dan Pasal 25C, yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:">Between Article 25 and Article 26 inserted 3 (three) articles, namely Article 25A, Section 25b, Article 25C, which reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 25A">Article 25A</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Pelaku usaha perikanan dalam melaksanakan bisnis perikanan harus memperhatikan standar mutu hasil perikanan.">(1) Business actors in implementing fisheries fishing business should pay attention to the quality standards of the fishery.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Pemerintah dan pemerintah daerah membina dan memfasilitasi pengembangan usaha perikanan agar memenuhi standar mutu hasil perikanan.">(2) Government and local governments to foster and facilitate the development of fisheries in order to meet the quality standards of the fishery.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(3) Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai standar mutu hasil perikanan diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri.">(3) Further provisions on the quality of fishery products set standards in the Minister.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 25B">Article 25b</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Pemerintah berkewajiban menyelenggarakan dan memfasilitasi kegiatan pemasaran usaha perikanan baik di dalam negeri maupun ke luar negeri.">(1) The Government shall organize and facilitate the marketing of fisheries business activities both domestically and abroad.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Pengeluaran hasil produksi usaha perikanan ke luar negeri dilakukan apabila produksi dan pasokan di dalam negeri telah mencukupi kebutuhan konsumsi nasional.">(2) Expenditures fisheries production done abroad if production and supply in the country have been sufficient for national consumption.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(3) Pemerintah berkewajiban menciptakan iklim usaha perikanan yang sehat sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.">(3) The Government is obliged to create a healthy business climate fishery in accordance with the provisions of the legislation.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 25C">Article 25C</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Pemerintah membina dan memfasilitasi berkembangnya industri perikanan nasional dengan mengutamakan penggunaan bahan baku dan sumber daya manusia dalam negeri.">(1) Government to foster and facilitate the development of the national fishing industry with emphasis on the use of raw materials and human resources in the country.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Pemerintah membina terselenggaranya kebersamaan dan kemitraan yang sehat antara industri perikanan, nelayan dan/atau koperasi perikanan.">(2) Government to foster the implementation of togetherness and a healthy partnership between the fishing industry, fishermen and / or cooperative fisheries.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(3) Ketentuan mengenai pembinaan, pemberian fasilitas, kebersamaan, dan kemitraan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dan ayat (2) dilakukan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundangundangan.">(3) Provisions on the construction, provision of facilities, togetherness, and partnerships as referred to in paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) conducted in accordance with the provisions of legislation.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="11.">11. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 27 ayat (1), ayat (2), dan ayat (3) diubah, serta ditambah 1 (satu) ayat yakni ayat (5), sehingga Pasal 27 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">The provisions of Article 27 paragraph (1), paragraph (2), and paragraph (3) amended, and plus 1 (one) verse which paragraph (5), so that Article 27 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 27">Article 27</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Setiap orang yang memiliki dan/atau mengoperasikan kapal penangkap ikan berbendera Indonesia yang digunakan untuk melakukan penangkapan ikan di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia dan/atau laut lepas wajib memiliki SIPI.">(1) Every person who owns and / or operate the Indonesian-flagged fishing vessel used for fishing in the fishery management area of the Republic of Indonesia and / or the high seas shall have SIPI.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Setiap orang yang memiliki dan/atau mengoperasikan kapal penangkap ikan berbendera asing yang digunakan untuk melakukan penangkapan ikan di ZEEI wajib memiliki SIPI.">(2) Every person who owns and / or operate foreign-flagged fishing vessel used for fishing in ZEEI shall have the SIPI.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(3) Setiap orang yang mengoperasikan kapal penangkap ikan berbendera Indonesia di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia atau mengoperasikan kapal penangkap ikan berbendera asing di ZEEI wajib membawa SIPI asli.">(3) Any person who operates the Indonesian-flagged fishing vessels in the fishery management area of the Republic of Indonesia or to operate foreign-flagged fishing vessels in ZEEI must bring the original SIPI.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(4) Kapal penangkap ikan berbendera Indonesia yang melakukan penangkapan ikan di wilayah yurisdiksi negara lain harus terlebih dahulu mendapatkan persetujuan dari Pemerintah.">(4) Indonesian-flagged fishing vessels conducting fishing activities in the jurisdiction of another country must first obtain approval from the Government.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(5) Kewajiban memiliki SIPI sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dan/atau membawa SIPI asli sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3), tidak berlaku bagi nelayan kecil.">(5) The obligation to have SIPI as meant in paragraph (1) and / or bring the original SIPI as meant in paragraph (3), does not apply to small fishermen.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="12.">12. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 28 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) diubah, serta ditambah 2 (dua) ayat yakni ayat (3) dan ayat (4), sehingga Pasal 28 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">The provisions of Article 28 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) amended, and plus 2 (two) verses which subsection (3) and paragraph (4), so that Article 28 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 28">Article 28</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Setiap orang yang memiliki dan/atau mengoperasikan kapal pengangkut ikan berbendera Indonesia di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia wajib memiliki SIKPI.">(1) Every person who owns and / or operate a fish-flagged freighter Indonesia in fisheries management area of the Republic of Indonesia shall have SIKPI.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Setiap orang yang memiliki dan/atau mengoperasikan kapal pengangkut ikan berbendera asing yang digunakan untuk melakukan pengangkutan ikan di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia wajib memiliki SIKPI.">(2) Every person who owns and / or operate foreign-flagged freighter fish that is used for transporting fish in the fishery management area of the Republic of Indonesia shall have SIKPI.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(3) Setiap orang yang mengoperasikan kapal pengangkut ikan di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia wajib membawa SIKPI asli.">(3) Any person who operates a vessel transporting fish in the fishery management area of the Republic of Indonesia shall bring the original SIKPI.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(4) Kewajiban memiliki SIKPI sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dan/atau membawa SIKPI asli sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3), tidak berlaku bagi nelayan kecil dan/atau pembudi daya-ikan kecil.">(4) The obligation to have SIKPI referred to in paragraph (1) and / or bring the original SIKPI referred to in paragraph (3), does not apply to fishermen and / or power-pembudi small fish.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="13.">13. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Di antara Pasal 28 dan Pasal 29 disisipkan 1 (satu) pasal yakni Pasal 28A, yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:">Between Article 28 and Article 29 inserted 1 (one) Article, namely Article 28A, which reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 28A">Article 28A</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Setiap orang dilarang:">Any person prohibited from:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="a.">a. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="memalsukan SIUP, SIPI, dan SIKPI; dan/atau">falsify SIUP, SIPI, and SIKPI; and / or</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="b.">b. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="menggunakan SIUP, SIPI, dan SIKPI palsu.">using SIUP, SIPI, and SIKPI false.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="14.">14. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 32 diubah sehingga Pasal 32 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">The provisions of Article 32 is amended so Article 32 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 32">Article 32</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai penerbitan, tata cara, dan syarat-syarat pemberian SIUP, SIPI, dan SIKPI diatur dengan Peraturan Menteri.">Further provisions regarding the issuance, ordinances, and the terms of SIUP, SIPI, and SIKPI regulated by Regulation of the Minister.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="15.">15. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Di antara Pasal 35 dan Pasal 36 disisipkan 1 (satu) pasal yakni Pasal 35A, yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:">Between Article 35 and Article 36 inserted 1 (one) Article, namely Article 35A, which reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 35A">Article 35A</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Kapal perikanan berbendera Indonesia yang melakukan penangkapan ikan di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia wajib menggunakan nakhoda dan anak buah kapal berkewarganegaraan Indonesia.">(1) Fishing vessels flying the Indonesian fishing in the fishery management area of the Republic of Indonesia shall use the skipper and crew of Indonesian nationality.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Kapal perikanan berbendera asing yang melakukan penangkapan ikan di ZEEI wajib menggunakan anak buah kapal berkewarganegaraan Indonesia paling sedikit 70% (tujuh puluh persen) dari jumlah anak buah kapal.">(2) foreign-flagged fishing vessels conducting fishing activities in ZEEI mandatory use of Indonesian nationality crew of at least 70% (seventy percent) of the number of the crew.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(3) Pelanggaran terhadap ketentuan penggunaan anak buah kapal sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) dikenakan sanksi administratif berupa peringatan, pembekuan izin, atau pencabutan izin.">(3) Violation of the condition of your use of the crew as referred to in paragraph (2) subject to administrative sanctions in the form of warnings, license suspension, or revocation of license.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(4) Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai pengenaan sanksi administratif sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3) diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri.">(4) Further provisions on the imposition of administrative sanctions as referred to in paragraph (3) Regulation of the Minister.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="16.">16. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 36 diubah sehingga Pasal 36 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">The provisions of Article 36 is amended so Article 36 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 36">Article 36</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Kapal perikanan milik orang Indonesia yang dioperasikan di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia dan laut lepas wajib didaftarkan terlebih dahulu sebagai kapal perikanan Indonesia.">(1) owned by an Indonesian fishing vessel operated in the fishery management area of the Republic of Indonesia and the high seas must be registered in advance as an Indonesian fishing boat.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Pendaftaran kapal perikanan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dilengkapi dengan dokumen yang berupa:">(2) Registration of fishing boats as referred to in paragraph (1) equipped with a document in the form:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="a.">a. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="bukti kepemilikan;">proof of ownership;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="b.">b. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="identitas pemilik; dan">owner's identity, and</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="c.">c. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="surat ukur.">letter measure.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(3) Pendaftaran kapal perikanan yang dibeli atau diperoleh dari luar negeri dan sudah terdaftar di negara asal untuk didaftar sebagai kapal perikanan Indonesia, selain dilengkapi dengan dokumen sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) harus dilengkapi pula dengan surat keterangan penghapusan dari daftar kapal yang diterbitkan oleh">(3) Registration of fishing boats purchased or obtained from abroad and registered in a country of origin to be listed as an Indonesian fishing vessel, but equipped with the documents referred to in paragraph (2) shall be furnished with a certificate of removal from the list of ships that were published by </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="negara asal.">country of origin.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(4) Kapal perikanan yang telah terdaftar sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1), diberikan surat tanda kebangsaan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.">(4) Fishing vessels that have been registered as referred to in paragraph (1), provided a letter of nationality in accordance with the provisions of the legislation.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(5) Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai pendaftaran sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1), ayat (2), dan ayat (3) diatur dengan Peraturan Menteri.">(5) Further provisions regarding the registration referred to in paragraph (1), paragraph (2), and paragraph (3) is regulated by the Minister.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="17.">17. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 41 diubah sehingga Pasal 41 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">The provisions of Article 41 is amended so Article 41 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 41">Article 41</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Pemerintah menyelenggarakan dan melakukan pembinaan pengelolaan pelabuhan perikanan.">(1) The Government shall conduct training and management of fishing ports.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Penyelenggaraan dan pembinaan pengelolaan pelabuhan perikanan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1), Menteri menetapkan:">(2) The management of fishing ports and the development referred to in paragraph (1), the Minister determine:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="a.">a. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="rencana induk pelabuhan perikanan secara nasional;">port master plan of national fisheries;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="b.">b. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="klasifikasi pelabuhan perikanan;">classification of fishing ports;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="c.">c. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pengelolaan pelabuhan perikanan;">management of fishing ports;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="d.">d. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="persyaratan dan/atau standar teknis dalam perencanaan, pembangunan, operasional, pembinaan, dan pengawasan pelabuhan perikanan;">requirements and / or technical standards in the planning, construction, operations, development, and supervision of fishing ports;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="e.">e. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="wilayah kerja dan pengoperasian pelabuhan perikanan yang meliputi bagian perairan dan daratan tertentu yang menjadi wilayah kerja dan pengoperasian pelabuhan perikanan; dan">work areas and fishing port operation which includes the waters and certain land into the working area and the operation of fishing ports, and</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="f.">f. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pelabuhan perikanan yang tidak dibangun oleh Pemerintah.">fishing port which is not built by the Government.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(3) Setiap kapal penangkap ikan dan kapal pengangkut ikan harus mendaratkan ikan tangkapan di pelabuhan perikanan yang ditetapkan atau pelabuhan lainnya yang ditunjuk.">(3) Every fishing vessel and the vessel transporting fish must be landed fish catches in fishing ports established or other designated ports.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(4) Setiap orang yang memiliki dan/atau mengoperasikan kapal penangkap ikan dan/atau kapal pengangkut ikan yang tidak melakukan bongkar muat ikan tangkapan di pelabuhan perikanan yang ditetapkan atau pelabuhan lainnya yang ditunjuk sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3) dikenai sanksi administratif berupa peringatan,">(4) Any person who owns and / or operate a fishing vessel and / or fish transport vessel that does not make loading and unloading of fish catches in fishing ports established or other designated ports referred to in paragraph (3) subject to administrative sanctions in the form of warnings, </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pembekuan izin, atau pencabutan izin.">license suspension, or revocation of license.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(5) Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai pengenaan sanksi administratif sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (4) diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri.">(5) Further provisions on the imposition of administrative sanctions as referred to in paragraph (4) is set in the Ministerial Regulation.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="18.">18. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Di antara Pasal 41 dan Pasal 42 disisipkan 1 (satu) pasal yakni Pasal 41A, yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:">Between Article 41 and Article 42 inserted 1 (one) Article, namely Article 41A, which reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 41A">Article 41A</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Pelabuhan perikanan mempunyai fungsi pemerintahan dan pengusahaan guna mendukung kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan dan lingkungannya mulai dari praproduksi, produksi, pengolahan sampai dengan pemasaran.">(1) Port of fishery exploitation has the function of government and to support activities related to the management and utilization of fish resources and the environment ranging from preproduction, production, processing to marketing.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Fungsi pelabuhan perikanan dalam mendukung kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan dan lingkungannya sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dapat berupa:">(2) The function of fishing ports in support of activities related to the management and utilization of fish resources and the environment as referred to in paragraph (1) can be:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="a.">a. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pelayanan tambat dan labuh kapal perikanan;">services and harbor mooring fishing boats;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="b.">b. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pelayanan bongkar muat;">stevedoring services;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="c.">c. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pelayanan pembinaan mutu dan pengolahan hasil perikanan;">coaching service quality and processing of fishery products;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="d.">d. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pemasaran dan distribusi ikan;">marketing and distribution of fish;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="e.">e. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pengumpulan data tangkapan dan hasil perikanan;">collecting catch data and fishery products;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="f.">f. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="tempat pelaksanaan penyuluhan dan pengembangan masyarakat nelayan;">the implementation of the extension and development of fishing communities;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="g.">g. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pelaksanaan kegiatan operasional kapal perikanan;">implementation of the operational activities of fishing boats;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="h.">h. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="tempat pelaksanaan pengawasan dan pengendalian sumber daya ikan;">the implementation of the supervision and control of fish resources;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="i.">i. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pelaksanaan kesyahbandaran;">kesyahbandaran implementation;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="j.">j. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="tempat pelaksanaan fungsi karantina ikan;">the implementation of fish quarantine functions;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="k.">k. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="publikasi hasil pelayanan sandar dan labuh kapal perikanan dan kapal pengawas kapal perikanan;">publication of the results of the service dock and moored fishing boats and fishing boats patrol ship;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="l.">l. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="tempat publikasi hasil riset kelautan dan perikanan;">the publication of results of marine research and fisheries;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="m.">m. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pemantauan wilayah pesisir dan wisata bahari; dan/atau">monitoring of coastal and marine tourism; and / or</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="n.">n. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pengendalian lingkungan.">environmental control.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="19.">19. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 42 diubah sehingga Pasal 42 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">The provisions of Article 42 is amended so Article 42 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 42">Article 42</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Dalam rangka keselamatan operasional kapal perikanan, ditunjuk syahbandar di pelabuhan perikanan.">(1) In the framework of the operational safety of fishing vessels, the port designated in fishing ports.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Syahbandar di pelabuhan perikanan mempunyai tugas dan wewenang:">(2) Syahbandar in fishing ports have the duty and authority:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="a.">a. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="menerbitkan Surat Persetujuan Berlayar;">issued a Letter of Approval Sailing;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="b.">b. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="mengatur kedatangan dan keberangkatan kapal perikanan;">regulate the arrival and departure of fishing boats;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="c.">c. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="memeriksa ulang kelengkapan dokumen kapal perikanan;">re-check the documents of fishing boats;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="d.">d. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="memeriksa teknis dan nautis kapal perikanan dan memeriksa alat penangkapan ikan, dan alat bantu penangkapan ikan;">examine the technical and nautis fishing boats and fishing gear check, and fishing tools;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="e.">e. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="memeriksa dan mengesahkan perjanjian kerja laut;">examine and approve the work agreement sea;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="f.">f. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="memeriksa log book penangkapan dan pengangkutan ikan;">check the log book the arrest and transportation of fish;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="g.">g. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="mengatur olah gerak dan lalulintas kapal perikanan di pelabuhan perikanan;">set if the motion and the traffic of fishing boats in fishing ports;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="h.">h. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="mengawasi pemanduan;">oversee scouting;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="i.">i. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="mengawasi pengisian bahan bakar;">supervise refueling;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="j.">j. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="mengawasi kegiatan pembangunan fasilitas pelabuhan perikanan;">oversee construction of fishing ports;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="k.">k. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="melaksanakan bantuan pencarian dan penyelamatan;">carry out search and rescue assistance;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="l.">l. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="memimpin penanggulangan pencemaran dan pemadaman kebakaran di pelabuhan perikanan;">lead pollution prevention and fire fighting in fishing ports;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="m.">m. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="mengawasi pelaksanaan perlindungan lingkungan maritim;">oversee the implementation of maritime environmental protection;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="n.">n. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="memeriksa pemenuhan persyaratan pengawakan kapal perikanan;">check the fulfillment of the requirements of the manning of fishing boats;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="o.">o. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="menerbitkan Surat Tanda Bukti Lapor Kedatangan dan Keberangkatan Kapal Perikanan; dan">issued a Certificate of Evidence Report Fishing Vessel Arrivals and Departures; and</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="p.">p. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="memeriksa sertifikat ikan hasil tangkapan.">check the certificate of the fish.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(3) Setiap kapal perikanan yang akan berlayar melakukan penangkapan ikan dan/atau pengangkutan ikan dari pelabuhan perikanan wajib memiliki Surat Persetujuan Berlayar yang dikeluarkan oleh syahbandar di pelabuhan perikanan.">(3) Every fishing vessel that will sail fishing and / or transport of fish from fishing ports must have the approval letter issued by the port Sailing in the harbor fishing.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(4) Syahbandar di pelabuhan perikanan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) diangkat oleh menteri yang membidangi urusan pelayaran.">(4) Syahbandar in fishing ports as referred to in paragraph (1) appointed by the minister in charge of the affairs of the voyage.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(5) Dalam melaksanakan tugasnya, syahbandar di pelabuhan perikanan dikoordinasikan oleh pejabat yang bertanggung jawab di pelabuhan perikanan setempat.">(5) In performing its duties, the port in the fishing ports are coordinated by the responsible officials in the local fishing ports.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(6) Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai kesyahbandaran di pelabuhan perikanan dilaksanakan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.">(6) Further provisions on kesyahbandaran in fishing ports implemented in accordance with the provisions of the legislation.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="20.">20. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 43 diubah sehingga Pasal 43 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">The provisions of Article 43 is amended so Article 43 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 43">Article 43</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Setiap kapal perikanan yang melakukan kegiatan perikanan wajib memiliki surat laik operasi kapal perikanan dari pengawas perikanan tanpa dikenai biaya.">Each fishing vessel fishing activities must have a letter of fishing vessel operation acceptance of fisheries inspectors free of charge.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="21.">21. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 44 ayat (1) diubah, sehingga Pasal 44 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">The provisions of Article 44 paragraph (1) shall be amended so that Article 44 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 44">Article 44</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Surat Persetujuan Berlayar sebagaimana dimaksud dalam pasal 42 ayat (2) huruf a dikeluarkan oleh syahbandar setelah kapal perikanan mendapatkan surat laik operasi.">(1) Sailing approval letter referred to in Article 42 paragraph (2) a letter issued by the port after a fishing vessel operation acceptance letter.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Surat laik operasi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dikeluarkan oleh pengawas perikanan setelah dipenuhi persyaratan administrasi dan kelayakan teknis.">(2) The operation acceptance as referred to in paragraph (1) issued by the fisheries inspectors after a full administrative requirements and technical feasibility.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(3) Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai persyaratan administrasi dan kelayakan teknis sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri.">(3) Further provisions regarding administrative requirements and technical feasibility as referred to in paragraph (2) Regulation of the Minister.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="22.">22. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 46 diubah sehingga Pasal 46 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">The provisions of Article 46 is amended so Article 46 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 46">Article 46</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Pemerintah dan pemerintah daerah menyusun dan mengembangkan sistem informasi dan data statistik perikanan serta menyelenggarakan pengumpulan, pengolahan, analisis, penyimpanan, penyajian, dan penyebaran data potensi, pemutakhiran data pergerakan ikan, sarana dan prasarana, produksi, penanganan, pengolahan dan pemasaran ikan">(1) Government and local governments prepare and develop a system of fisheries information and statistical data and organizing the collection, processing, analysis, storage, presentation, and the potential spread of the data, updating data movement of fish, facilities and infrastructure, production, handling, processing and marketing of fish </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title=", serta data sosial ekonomi yang berkaitan dengan pelaksanaan pengelolaan sumber daya ikan dan pengembangan sistem bisnis perikanan.">, as well as socio-economic data relating to the implementation of the management of fish resources and fisheries development of business systems.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Pemerintah dan pemerintah daerah mengadakan pusat data dan informasi perikanan untuk menyelenggarakan sistem informasi dan data statistik perikanan.">(2) Government and local governments entered into the data center and fishery information to implement the fisheries information and statistical data.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="23.">23. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Di antara Pasal 46 dan Pasal 47 disisipkan 1 (satu) pasal yakni Pasal 46A, yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:">Between Article 46 and Article 47 inserted 1 (one) Article, namely Article 46A, which reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 46A">Article 46A</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pemerintah menjamin kerahasiaan data dan informasi perikanan yang berkaitan dengan data log book penangkapan dan pengangkutan ikan, data yang diperoleh pengamat, dan data perusahaan dalam proses perizinan usaha perikanan.">The government guarantees the confidentiality of data and information relating to the fishery log book data capture and transport of fish, the data obtained by the observer, and corporate data in the fisheries licensing process.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="24.">24. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 48 ayat (1) diubah, serta di antara ayat (1) dan ayat (2) disisipkan 1 (satu) ayat yakni ayat (1a), sehingga Pasal 48 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">The provisions of Article 48 paragraph (1) amended, and between paragraphs (1) and paragraph (2) inserted 1 (one) verse which subsection (1a), so that Article 48 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 48">Article 48</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Setiap orang yang memperoleh manfaat langsung dari sumber daya ikan dan lingkungannya di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia dan di luar wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia dikenakan pungutan perikanan.">(1) Any person who directly benefit from fish resources and the environment in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia fisheries management and fisheries management outside the territory of the Republic of Indonesia subject to levy fisheries.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1a) Pungutan perikanan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) merupakan penerimaan negara bukan pajak.">(1a) Charges fisheries as referred to in paragraph (1) is a non-tax revenue.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Pungutan perikanan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) tidak dikenakan bagi nelayan kecil dan pembudi daya-ikan kecil.">(2) Charges of fisheries as referred to in paragraph (1) does not apply to fishermen and small fish pembudi-power.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="25.">25. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 50 diubah sehingga Pasal 50 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">The provisions of Article 50 is amended so Article 50 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 50">Article 50</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pungutan perikanan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 48 dan Pasal 49 digunakan untuk pembangunan perikanan serta kegiatan konservasi sumber daya ikan dan lingkungannya.">Fisheries levies referred to in Article 48 and Article 49 are used for fisheries development and conservation of fish resources and the environment.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="26.">26. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 65 ayat (1) dihapus sehingga Pasal 65 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">The provisions of Article 65 paragraph (1) be deleted so that Article 65 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 65">Article 65</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pemerintah dapat memberikan tugas kepada pemerintah daerah untuk melaksanakan urusan tugas pembantuan di bidang perikanan.">Government may assign to local governments to carry out the affairs of co-administration in the field of fisheries.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="27.">27. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 66 ayat (2) dan ayat (3) diubah, sehingga Pasal 66 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">The provisions of Article 66 paragraph (2) and paragraph (3) amended so that Article 66 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 66">Article 66</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Pengawasan perikanan dilakukan oleh pengawas perikanan.">(1) Monitoring of fisheries conducted by fisheries inspectors.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Pengawas perikanan bertugas untuk mengawasi tertib pelaksanaan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang perikanan.">(2) Supervision of fishery tasked to oversee the orderly implementation of the provisions of legislation in the field of fisheries.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(3) Pengawasan tertib pelaksanaan peraturan perundang-undangan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) meliputi:">(3) Supervision orderly implementation of the legislation referred to in paragraph (2) includes:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="a.">a. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="kegiatan penangkapan ikan;">fishing activities;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="b.">b. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pembudidayaan ikan, perbenihan;">fish breeding, seed;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="c.">c. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pengolahan, distribusi keluar masuk ikan;">processing, distribution and out of the fish;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="d.">d. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="mutu hasil perikanan;">quality of fishery products;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="e.">e. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="distribusi keluar masuk obat ikan;">distribution of drugs and out of the fish;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="f.">f. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="konservasi;">conservation;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="g.">g. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pencemaran akibat perbuatan manusia;">pollution due to human actions;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="h.">h. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="plasma nutfah;">germplasm;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="i.">i. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="penelitian dan pengembangan perikanan; dan">fisheries research and development; and</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="j.">j. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="ikan hasil rekayasa genetik.">genetically modified fish.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="28.">28. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Di antara Pasal 66 dan Pasal 67 disisipkan 3 (tiga) pasal yakni Pasal 66A, Pasal 66B, dan Pasal 66C, yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:">Between Article 66 and Article 67 inserted 3 (three) articles, namely Article 66a, Article 66b, and Section 66C, which reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 66A">Article 66a</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Pengawas perikanan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 66 merupakan pegawai negeri sipil yang bekerja di bidang perikanan yang diangkat oleh menteri atau pejabat yang ditunjuk.">(1) Supervision of fisheries as referred to in Article 66 are civil servants working in the field of fisheries are appointed by the minister or a designated official.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Pengawas perikanan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dapat dididik untuk menjadi Penyidik Pengawai Negeri Sipil Perikanan.">(2) Supervision of fisheries as referred to in paragraph (1) can be educated to be a Civil Affairs Investigators Pengawai Fisheries.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(3) Pengawas perikanan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) dapat ditetapkan sebagai pejabat fungsional pengawas perikanan.">(3) Supervision of fisheries as referred to in paragraph (2) can be defined as functional official fisheries inspectors.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(4) Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai jabatan fungsional pengawas perikanan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3) diatur dengan Peraturan Menteri.">(4) Further provisions regarding the functional supervisor of fisheries as referred to in paragraph (3) is regulated by the Minister.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 66B">Article 66b</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Pengawas perikanan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 66 melaksanakan tugas di:">(1) Supervision of fisheries as referred to in Article 66 in the task:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="a.">a. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia;">fishery management area of the Republic of Indonesia;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="b.">b. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="kapal perikanan;">fishing boats;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="c.">c. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pelabuhan perikanan dan/atau pelabuhan lainnya yang ditunjuk;">fishing port and / or other designated ports;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="d.">d. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pelabuhan tangkahan;">Tangkahan port;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="e.">e. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="sentra kegiatan perikanan;">centers of fishing activity;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="f.">f. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="area pembenihan ikan;">area fish hatcheries;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="g.">g. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="area pembudidayaan ikan;">fish breeding areas;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="h.">h. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="unit pengolahan ikan; dan/atau">fish processing units and / or</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="i.">i. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="kawasan konservasi perairan.">water conservation.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai pelaksanaan tugas pengawas perikanan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri.">(2) Further provisions concerning the implementation of supervisory duties of fisheries as referred to in paragraph (1) Regulation of the Minister.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 66C">Article 66C</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Dalam melaksanakan tugas sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 66, pengawas perikanan berwenang:">(1) In carrying out the tasks as meant in Article 66, fishery inspectors authorized to:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="a.">a. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="memasuki dan memeriksa tempat kegiatan usaha perikanan;">enter and inspect the fisheries business activities;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="b.">b. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="memeriksa kelengkapan dan keabsahan dokumen usaha perikanan;">check the completeness and validity of the fishery business documents;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="c.">c. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="memeriksa kegiatan usaha perikanan;">check the fisheries business activities;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="d.">d. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="memeriksa sarana dan prasarana yang digunakan untuk kegiatan perikanan;">examine facilities and infrastructure that are used for fishing activities;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="e.">e. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="memverifikasi kelengkapan dan keabsahan SIPI dan SIKPI;">verify the completeness and validity of the SIPI and SIKPI;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="f.">f. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="mendokumentasikan hasil pemeriksaan;">documenting the results of the examination;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="g.">g. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="mengambil contoh ikan dan/atau bahan yang diperlukan untuk keperluan pengujian laboratorium;">take samples of fish and / or materials necessary for the purposes of testing laboratories;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="h.">h. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="memeriksa peralatan dan keaktifan system pemantauan kapal perikanan;">check the equipment and system activity monitoring fishing boats;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="i.">i. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="menghentikan, memeriksa, membawa, menahan, dan menangkap kapal dan/atau orang yang diduga atau patut diduga melakukan tindak pidana perikanan di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia sampai dengan diserahkannya kapal dan/atau orang tersebut di pelabuhan tempat perkara tersebut dapat diproses lebih lanjut oleh">stop, examine, take, detain, and arrest the ship and / or the alleged or reasonably suspected of committing a crime fisheries in fisheries management area of the Republic of Indonesia until the submission of the ship and / or the person in the port where the matter can be further processed by </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="penyidik;">investigator;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="j.">j. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="menyampaikan rekomendasi kepada pemberi izin untuk memberikan sanksi sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan;">providing recommendations to the giver permission to impose sanctions in accordance with the provisions of legislation;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="k.">k. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="melakukan tindakan khusus terhadap kapal perikanan yang berusaha melarikan diri dan/atau melawan dan/atau membahayakan keselamatan kapal pengawas perikanan dan/atau awak kapal perikanan; dan/atau">specific action against fishing vessels that tried to escape and / or fighting and / or endanger the safety of fishery patrol ship and / or crew of fishing boats; and / or</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="l.">l. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="mengadakan tindakan lain menurut hokum yang bertanggung jawab.">Other measures according to law held responsible.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Pengawas perikanan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dalam melaksanakan tugasnya dapat dilengkapi dengan kapal pengawas perikanan, senjata api, dan/atau alat pengaman diri.">(2) Supervision of fisheries as referred to in paragraph (1) in carrying out their duties can be equipped with a fisheries patrol ship, firearms, and / or safety devices themselves.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="29.">29. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 69 diubah sehingga Pasal 69 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">Provisions of Article 69 is amended so Article 69 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 69">Article 69</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Kapal pengawas perikanan berfungsi melaksanakan pengawasan dan penegakan hukum di bidang perikanan dalam wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia.">(1) Ship fisheries inspectors carry out functions of supervision and law enforcement in the field of fisheries in the fishery management area of the Republic of Indonesia.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Kapal pengawas perikanan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1), dapat dilengkapi dengan senjata api.">(2) Ship superintendent of fisheries as referred to in paragraph (1), can be equipped with firearms.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(3) Kapal pengawas perikanan dapat menghentikan, memeriksa, membawa, dan menahan kapal yang diduga atau patut diduga melakukan pelanggaran di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia ke pelabuhan terdekat untuk pemrosesan lebih lanjut.">(3) Ship fisheries inspectors may stop, inspect, carrying, and holding the ship suspected violation or reasonably suspected of fisheries management in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia to the nearest port for further processing.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(4) Dalam melaksanakan fungsi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) penyidik dan/atau pengawas perikanan dapat melakukan tindakan khusus berupa pembakaran dan/atau penenggelaman kapal perikanan yang berbendera asing berdasarkan bukti permulaan yang cukup.">(4) In carrying out the functions referred to in paragraph (1) the investigator and / or fisheries supervisor can perform a special action in the form of burning and / or sinking of a foreign-flagged fishing vessel based on sufficient evidence of the beginning.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="30.">30. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 71 diubah sehingga Pasal 71 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">The provisions of Article 71 is amended so Article 71 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 71">Article 71</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Dengan Undang-Undang ini dibentuk pengadilan perikanan yang berwenang memeriksa, mengadili, dan memutus tindak pidana di bidang perikanan.">(1) In this Act the court established fisheries authority to examine, hear and decide criminal acts in the field of fisheries.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Pengadilan perikanan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) merupakan pengadilan khusus yang berada dalam lingkungan peradilan umum.">(2) The Court of fisheries as referred to in paragraph (1) is a special court within the general court.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(3) Pengadilan perikanan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) akan dibentuk di Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Utara, Medan, Pontianak, Bitung, dan Tual.">(3) The Court of fisheries as referred to in paragraph (1) will be established at the District Court of North Jakarta, Medan, Pontianak, Bitung, and Tual.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(4) Pengadilan perikanan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) berkedudukan di pengadilan negeri.">(4) The Court of fisheries as referred to in paragraph (1) domiciled in the district court.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(5) Pembentukan pengadilan perikanan selanjutnya dilakukan secara bertahap sesuai dengan kebutuhan yang ditetapkan dengan Keputusan Presiden.">(5) The establishment of the court subsequent fishing is done in stages in accordance with the requirements established by Presidential Decree.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="31.">31. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Di antara Pasal 71 dan Pasal 72 disisipkan 1 (satu) pasal yakni Pasal 71A, yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:">Between Article 71 and Article 72 inserted 1 (one) Article, namely Article 71A, which reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 71A">Article 71A</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pengadilan perikanan berwenang memeriksa, mengadili, dan memutuskan perkara tindak pidana di bidang perikanan yang terjadi di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia, baik yang dilakukan oleh warga negara Indonesia maupun warga negara asing.">Court authority to examine fishery, hearing and deciding criminal cases in the field of fisheries that occur in the fishery management area of the Republic of Indonesia, whether committed by Indonesian citizens and foreign nationals.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="32.">32. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 73 diubah sehingga Pasal 73 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">Provisions of Article 73 is amended so Article 73 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 73">Article 73</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Penyidikan tindak pidana di bidang perikanan di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia dilakukan oleh Penyidik Pegawai Negeri Sipil Perikanan, Penyidik Perwira TNI AL, dan/atau Penyidik Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia.">(1) criminal investigation in the field of fisheries in the fishery management area of the Republic of Indonesia conducted by the Civil Service Fishery Investigator, Investigator of the Navy Officers, and / or State Police Investigator of the Republic of Indonesia.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Selain penyidik TNI AL, Penyidik Pegawai Negeri Sipil Perikanan berwenang melakukan penyidikan terhadap tindak pidana di bidang perikanan yang terjadi di ZEEI.">(2) In addition to investigating the Navy, Civil Investigator Fisheries authorities investigating criminal acts in the field of fisheries that occur in ZEEI.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(3) Penyidikan terhadap tindak pidana di bidang perikanan yang terjadi di pelabuhan perikanan, diutamakan dilakukan oleh Penyidik Pegawai Negeri Sipil Perikanan.">(3) Investigation on criminal acts in the field of fisheries that occur in the fishing ports, preferably performed by a Civil Servant Inspector of Fisheries.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(4) Penyidik sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dapat melakukan koordinasi dalam penanganan penyidikan tindak pidana di bidang perikanan.">(4) Investigator as referred to in paragraph (1) can coordinate the handling of criminal investigations in the field of fisheries.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(5) Untuk melakukan koordinasi dalam penanganan tindak pidana di bidang perikanan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (4), Menteri membentuk forum koordinasi.">(5) To coordinate the handling of criminal acts in the field of fisheries as referred to in paragraph (4), the Minister of forming a coordination forum.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="33.">33. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Di antara Pasal 73 dan Pasal 74 disisipkan 2 (dua) pasal yakni Pasal 73A dan Pasal 73B, yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:">Between Article 73 and Article 74 inserted 2 (two) articles, namely Article 73A and Article 73B, which reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 73A">Article 73A</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Penyidik sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 73 berwenang:">Investigators referred to in Article 73 authorized to:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="a.">a. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="menerima laporan atau pengaduan dari seseorang tentang adanya tindak pidana di bidang perikanan;">receive reports or complaints from individuals concerning a criminal act in the field of fisheries;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="b.">b. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="memanggil dan memeriksa tersangka dan/atau saksi untuk didengar keterangannya;">summon and examine the suspect and / or witnesses to be heard;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="c.">c. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="membawa dan menghadapkan seseorang sebagai tersangka dan/atau saksi untuk didengar keterangannya;">carry and exposes a person as a suspect and / or witnesses to be heard;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="d.">d. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="menggeledah sarana dan prasarana perikanan yang diduga digunakan dalam atau menjadi tempat melakukan tindak pidana di bidang perikanan;">search facilities and infrastructure that allegedly used in the fishery or become a criminal act in the field of fisheries;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="e.">e. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="menghentikan, memeriksa, menangkap, membawa, dan/atau menahan kapal dan/atau orang yang disangka melakukan tindak pidana di bidang perikanan;">stop, check, catch, carry, and / or detain the ship and / or persons suspected of committing criminal offenses in the field of fisheries;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="f.">f. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="memeriksa kelengkapan dan keabsahan dokumen usaha perikanan;">check the completeness and validity of the fishery business documents;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="g.">g. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="memotret tersangka dan/atau barang bukti tindak pidana di bidang perikanan;">photographing the suspect and / or evidence of criminal offenses in the field of fisheries;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="h.">h. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="mendatangkan ahli yang diperlukan dalam hubungannya dengan tindak pidana di bidang perikanan;">bring in the necessary experts in connection with criminal acts in the field of fisheries;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="i.">i. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="membuat dan menandatangani berita acara pemeriksaan;">make and sign the minutes of the examination;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="j.">j. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="melakukan penyitaan terhadap barang bukti yang digunakan dan/atau hasil tindak pidana;">foreclosing on the evidence used and / or proceeds of crime;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="k.">k. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="melakukan penghentian penyidikan; dan">perform termination of the investigation; and</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="l.">l. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="mengadakan tindakan lain yang menurut hukum dapat dipertanggungjawabkan.">conduct other actions which by law can be accounted for.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 73B">Article 73B</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Penyidik sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 73 memberitahukan dimulainya penyidikan kepada penuntut umum paling lama 7 (tujuh) hari sejak ditemukan adanya tindak pidana di bidang perikanan.">(1) Investigator as referred to in Article 73 to notify the commencement of investigation the public prosecutor at the latest 7 (seven) days since discovered the existence of criminal acts in the field of fisheries.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Untuk kepentingan penyidikan, penyidik dapat menahan tersangka paling lama 20 (dua puluh) hari.">(2) For the purposes of the investigation, investigators can detain suspects for a maximum of 20 (twenty) days.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(3) Jangka waktu sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2), apabila diperlukan untuk kepentingan pemeriksaan yang belum selesai, dapat diperpanjang oleh penuntut umum paling lama 10 (sepuluh) hari.">(3) The period referred to in paragraph (2), if necessary for the purposes of investigation that has not been completed, can be extended by a public prosecutor at the latest 10 (ten) days.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(4) Ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) dan ayat (3) tidak menutup kemungkinan tersangka dikeluarkan dari tahanan sebelum berakhir waktu penahanan tersebut, jika kepentingan pemeriksaan sudah terpenuhi.">(4) The provisions referred to in paragraph (2) and paragraph (3) did not rule out suspects released from custody prior to the expiration time of such detention, if the purpose of examination have been met.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(5) Setelah waktu 30 (tiga puluh) hari tersebut, penyidik harus sudah mengeluarkan tersangka dari tahanan demi hukum.">(5) After a period of 30 (thirty) days, the investigator should have issued a suspect from custody by law.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(6) Penyidik sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 73A menyampaikan hasil penyidikan ke penuntut umum paling lama 30 (tiga puluh) hari sejak pemberitahuan dimulainya penyidikan.">(6) Investigator as referred to in Article 73A convey the results of investigations into prosecutors at the latest 30 (thirty) days from notice of commencement of investigation.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="34.">34. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 75 diubah sehingga Pasal 75 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">Provisions of Article 75 is amended so Article 75 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 75">Article 75</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Penuntutan terhadap tindak pidana di bidang perikanan dilakukan oleh penuntut umum yang ditetapkan oleh Jaksa Agung.">(1) prosecution of criminal acts in the field of fisheries conducted by the public prosecutor assigned by Attorney General.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Penuntut umum perkara tindak pidana di bidang perikanan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) harus memenuhi persyaratan sebagai berikut:">(2) The public prosecutor in the criminal case of fisheries as referred to in paragraph (1) must meet the following requirements:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="a.">a. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="berpengalaman menjadi penuntut umum sekurang-kurangnya 2 (dua) tahun;">experienced a prosecutor at least 2 (two) years;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="b.">b. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="telah mengikuti pendidikan dan pelatihan teknis di bidang perikanan; dan">have attended technical training and education in the field of fisheries; and</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="c.">c. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="cakap dan memiliki integritas moral yang tinggi selama menjalankan tugasnya.">competent and have high moral integrity during their duties.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="35.">35. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 76 ditambah 1 (satu) ayat yakni ayat (9), sehingga Pasal 76 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">Provisions of Article 76 plus 1 (one) verse which paragraph (9), so that Article 76 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 76">Article 76</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Penuntut umum setelah menerima hasil penyidikan dari penyidik wajib memberitahukan hasil penelitiannya kepada penyidik dalam waktu 5 (lima) hari terhitung sejak tanggal diterimanya berkas penyidikan.">(1) The public prosecutor after receiving the results of the investigation the investigator shall notify the results of his research to the investigator within 5 (five) days from the date of receipt of the investigation.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Dalam hal hasil penyidikan yang disampaikan tidak lengkap, penuntut umum harus mengembalikan berkas perkara kepada penyidik yang disertai dengan petunjuk tentang hal-hal yang harus dilengkapi.">(2) If the investigation results presented are incomplete, the public prosecutor must return the case file to the investigator who is accompanied by instructions on the things that must be completed.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(3) Dalam waktu paling lama 10 (sepuluh) hari terhitung sejak tanggal penerimaan berkas, penyidik harus menyampaikan kembali berkas perkara tersebut kepada penuntut umum.">(3) Within a period of 10 (ten) days from the date of receipt of the file, the investigator must submit the case file back to the public prosecutor.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(4) Penyidikan dianggap telah selesai apabila dalam waktu 5 (lima) hari penuntut umum tidak mengembalikan hasil penyidikan atau apabila sebelum batas waktu tersebut berakhir sudah ada pemberitahuan tentang hal itu dari penuntut umum kepada penyidik.">(4) Investigations are considered complete if within 5 (five) days of the public prosecutor did not return the results of the investigation or when the deadline expires is no notification about it from a public prosecutor to the investigator.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(5) Dalam hal penuntut umum menyatakan hasil penyidikan tersebut lengkap dalam waktu paling lama 10 (sepuluh) hari terhitung sejak tanggal penerimaan berkas dari penyidik dinyatakan lengkap, penuntut umum harus melimpahkan perkara tersebut kepada pengadilan perikanan.">(5) In case the public prosecutor declared the results of such investigation is complete within a period of 10 (ten) days from the date of receipt of a complete file of the investigators stated, the prosecution must delegate the case to the court fisheries.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(6) Untuk kepentingan penuntutan, penuntut umum berwenang melakukan penahanan atau penahanan lanjutan selama 10 (sepuluh) hari.">(6) For the purpose of prosecution, the prosecutor has the authority to arrest or detention continued for 10 (ten) days.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(7) Jangka waktu sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (6), apabila diperlukan guna kepentingan pemeriksaan yang belum selesai, dapat diperpanjang oleh ketua pengadilan negeri yang berwenang paling lama 10 (sepuluh) hari.">(7) The time period referred to in paragraph (6), if necessary for the purpose of inspection is not completed, may be extended by the chairman of the competent court at the latest 10 (ten) days.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(8) Ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (6) dan ayat (7) tidak menutup kemungkinan tersangka dikeluarkan dari tahanan sebelum jangka waktu penahanan berakhir jika kepentingan pemeriksaan sudah terpenuhi.">(8) The provisions referred to in paragraph (6) and paragraph (7) did not rule out suspects released from detention before the detention period ends if the purpose of examination have been met.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(9) Penuntut umum menyampaikan berkas perkara kepada ketua pengadilan negeri yang berwenang paling lama 30 (tiga puluh) hari sejak tanggal penerimaan berkas dari penyidik dinyatakan lengkap.">(9) The prosecution case file delivered to the head of the competent court at the latest 30 (thirty) days from the date of receipt of a complete file of the investigators stated.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="36.">36. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Di antara Bagian Kedua dan Bagian Ketiga disisipkan 1(satu) bagian yakni Bagian Kedua A, yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:">Between Part Two and Part Three is inserted 1 (one) part of the Second Part A, which reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Bagian Kedua A">Part Two A</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Barang Bukti">Evidence<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 76A">Article 76a</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Benda dan/atau alat yang digunakan dalam dan/atau yang dihasilkan dari tindak pidana perikanan dapat dirampas untuk negara atau dimusnahkan setelah mendapat persetujuan ketua pengadilan negeri.">Objects and / or equipment used in and / or resulting from criminal acts of fisheries can be confiscated for the state or destroyed after obtaining court approval of the head.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 76B">Article 76B</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Barang bukti hasil tindak pidana perikanan yang mudah rusak atau memerlukan biaya perawatan yang tinggi dapat dilelang dengan persetujuan ketua pengadilan negeri.">(1) Evidence of criminal acts fishery that is easily damaged or require high maintenance costs can be auctioned by the district court approval of the head.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Barang bukti hasil tindak pidana perikanan yang mudah rusak sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) berupa jenis ikan terlebih dahulu disisihkan sebagian untuk kepentingan pembuktian di pengadilan.">(2) Evidence of criminal acts that are easily damaged fisheries as referred to in paragraph (1) in the form of fish species first set aside in part for the purpose of proving in court.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 76C">Article 76C</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Benda dan/atau alat yang dirampas dari hasil tindak pidana perikanan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 76A dapat dilelang untuk negara.">(1) Objects and / or equipment seized from the proceeds of crime fishery referred to in Article 76a can be auctioned for the country.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Pelaksanaan lelang dilakukan oleh badan lelang negara sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.">(2) The auction auctions conducted by the state agency in accordance with the provisions of the legislation.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(3) Uang hasil pelelangan dari hasil penyitaan tindak pidana perikanan disetor ke kas negara sebagai penerimaan negara bukan pajak.">(3) Money from the auction of the confiscation of crime fishery deposited into the state treasury as state revenues.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(4) Aparat penegak hukum di bidang perikanan yang berhasil menjalankan tugasnya dengan baik dan pihak yang berjasa dalam upaya penyelamatan kekayaan negara diberi penghargaan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.">(4) Law enforcement officials in the field of fisheries are managed to carry out their duties properly and parties who have contributed in the effort to rescue the country's wealth was given the award in accordance with the provisions of the legislation.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(5) Benda dan/atau alat yang dirampas dari hasil tindak pidana perikanan yang berupa kapal perikanan dapat diserahkan kepada kelompok usaha bersama nelayan dan/atau koperasi perikanan.">(5) Objects and / or equipment seized from the proceeds of crime fisheries fishing boats can be submitted to the joint venture group of fishermen and / or cooperative fisheries.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(6) Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai pemberian penghargaan diatur dengan Peraturan Pemerintah.">(6) Further provisions concerning the award shall be regulated by Government Regulation.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="37.">37. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Di antara Pasal 78 dan Pasal 79 disisipkan 1 (satu) pasal yakni Pasal 78A, yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:">Between Article 78 and Article 79 inserted 1 (one) Article, namely Article 78A, which reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 78A">Article 78A</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Setiap pengadilan negeri yang telah ada pengadilan perikanan, dibentuk subkepaniteraan pengadilan perikanan yang dipimpin oleh seorang panitera muda.">(1) Any court which has no courts fisheries, fishery courts subkepaniteraan formed headed by a young clerk.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Dalam melaksanakan tugasnya, panitera muda sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dibantu oleh beberapa orang panitera pengganti.">(2) In performing its duties, a young clerk referred to in subsection (1) assisted by some clerk's successor.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(3) Panitera muda dan panitera pengganti pengadilan perikanan berasal dari lingkungan pengadilan negeri.">(3) Clerk of the young and the clerk of the court substitute fisheries comes from the environment court.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(4) Ketentuan mengenai persyaratan, tata cara pengangkatan, dan pemberhentian panitera muda dan panitera pengganti pengadilan perikanan serta susunan organisasi, tugas, dan tata kerja subkepaniteraan pengadilan perikanan diatur dengan peraturan Mahkamah Agung sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.">(4) Provisions regarding the requirements, procedures for appointment and dismissal of the young clerks and court clerks substitute fisheries as well as organizational structure, duties and working procedures of the court subkepaniteraan fishery is regulated by the Supreme Court rules in accordance with the provisions of the legislation.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="38.">38. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Di antara Pasal 83 dan Pasal 84 disisipkan 1 (satu) pasal yakni Pasal 83A, yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:">Between Article 83 and Article 84 inserted 1 (one) Article, namely Article 83A, which reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 83A">Article 83A</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Selain yang ditetapkan sebagai tersangka dalam tindak pidana perikanan atau tindak pidana lainnya, awak kapal lainnya dapat dipulangkan termasuk yang berkewarganegaraan asing.">(1) Except as set out as a suspect in a crime or offense other fisheries, other crew members can be discharged, including a foreign nationality.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Pemulangan awak kapal berkewarganegaraan asing sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dilakukan oleh instansi yang bertanggung jawab di bidang keimigrasian melalui kedutaan atau perwakilan negara asal awak kapal.">(2) Repatriation of crew members of foreign nationality as referred to in paragraph (1) conducted by the agency in charge of immigration through the embassy or representative of the crew home country.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(3) Ketentuan mengenai pemulangan awak kapal berkewarganegaraan asing sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dilaksanakan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.">(3) The provisions concerning the repatriation of crew members of foreign nationality as referred to in paragraph (1) is implemented in accordance with the provisions of the legislation.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="39.">39. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 85 diubah sehingga Pasal 85 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">The provisions of Article 85 is amended so Article 85 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 85">Article 85</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Setiap orang yang dengan sengaja memiliki, menguasai, membawa, dan/atau menggunakan alat penangkap ikan dan/atau alat bantu penangkapan ikan yang mengganggu dan merusak keberlanjutan sumber daya ikan di kapal penangkap ikan di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 9 dipidana">Any person who knowingly owns, controls, carrying, and / or use of fishing gear and / or assistive devices that interfere with fishing and damaging the sustainability of fish resources in the fishing vessels in the fishery management area of the Republic of Indonesia as referred to in Article 9 shall be punished </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun dan denda paling banyak Rp2.000.000.000,00 (dua miliar rupiah).">with a maximum imprisonment of 5 (five) years and a fine of not more Rp2.000.000.000, 00 (two billion rupiahs).<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="40.">40. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 93 diubah sehingga Pasal 93 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">Provisions of Article 93 is amended so Article 93 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 93">Article 93</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1) Setiap orang yang memiliki dan/atau mengoperasikan kapal penangkap ikan berbendera Indonesia melakukan penangkapan ikan di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia dan/atau di laut lepas, yang tidak memiliki SIPI sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 27 ayat (1), dipidana dengan pidana">(1) Every person who owns and / or operate the Indonesian-flagged fishing vessels fishing in fishery management area of the Republic of Indonesia and / or on the high seas, who does not have the SIPI as meant in Article 27 paragraph (1), shall be sentenced to</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="penjara paling lama 6 (enam) tahun dan denda paling banyak Rp2.000.000.000,00 (dua miliar rupiah).">imprisonment of 6 (six) years and a fine of not more Rp2.000.000.000, 00 (two billion rupiahs).</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(2) Setiap orang yang memiliki dan/atau mengoperasikan kapal penangkap ikan berbendera asing melakukan penangkapan ikan di ZEEI yang tidak memiliki SIPI sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 27 ayat (2), dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 6 (enam) tahun dan denda paling banyak">(2) Every person who owns and / or operate foreign-flagged fishing vessels fishing in ZEEI who do not have the SIPI as meant in Article 27 paragraph (2), shall be punished with imprisonment of 6 (six) years and a fine of not more </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Rp.20.000.000.000,00 (dua puluh miliar rupiah).">Rp.20.000.000.000, 00 (twenty billion rupiahs).</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(3) Setiap orang yang mengoperasikan kapal penangkap ikan berbendera Indonesia di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia, yang tidak membawa SIPI asli sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 27 ayat (3), dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 6 (enam) tahun dan denda paling banyak">(3) Any person who operates the Indonesian-flagged fishing vessels in the fishery management area of the Republic of Indonesia, which does not carry the original SIPI as meant in Article 27 paragraph (3), shall be punished with imprisonment of 6 (six) years and a fine of not more </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Rp2.000.000.000,00 (dua miliar rupiah).">Rp2.000.000.000 and 00 (two billion rupiah).</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(4) Setiap orang yang mengoperasikan kapal penangkap ikan berbendera asing di ZEEI, yang tidak membawa SIPI asli sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 27 ayat (3), dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 6 (enam) tahun dan denda paling banyak Rp20.000.000.000">(4) Any person operating a foreign-flagged fishing vessels in ZEEI, which do not carry the original SIPI as meant in Article 27 paragraph (3), shall be punished with imprisonment of 6 (six) years and a fine of not more Rp20.000.000.000 </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title=",00 (dua puluh miliar rupiah).">, 00 (twenty billion rupiahs).<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="41.">41. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Di antara Pasal 94 dan Pasal 95 disisipkan 1 (satu) pasal yakni Pasal 94A, yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:">Between Article 94 and Article 95 inserted 1 (one) Article, namely Article 94A, which reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 94A">Article 94A</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Setiap orang yang memalsukan dan/atau menggunakan SIUP, SIPI, dan SIKPI palsu sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 28A dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 7 (tujuh) tahun dan denda paling banyak Rp.3.000.000.000,00 (tiga miliar rupiah).">Any person who falsify and / or using SIUP, SIPI, and false SIKPI referred to in Article 28A shall be punished with imprisonment of 7 (seven) years and a fine of not more Rp.3.000.000.000, 00 (three billion dollars).<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="42.">42. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 98 diubah sehingga Pasal 98 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">Provisions of Article 98 is amended so Article 98 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 98">Article 98</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Nakhoda kapal perikanan yang tidak memiliki surat persetujuan berlayar sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 42 ayat (3) dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 1 (satu) tahun dan denda paling banyak Rp.200.000.000,00 (dua ratus juta rupiah).">Fishing boat skipper who does not have a letter of approval sail as referred to in Article 42 paragraph (3) shall be punished with imprisonment of 1 (one) years and a fine of not more Rp.200.000.000, 00 (two hundred million rupiahs).<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="43.">43. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Di antara Pasal 100 dan Pasal 101 disisipkan 4 (empat) pasal yakni Pasal 100A, Pasal 100B, Pasal 100C, dan Pasal 100D, yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:">Between Article 100 and Article 101 is inserted 4 (four) articles, namely Article 100A, Section 100B, Section 100C, and Section 100D, which reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 100A">Section 100A</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Dalam hal tindak pidana sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 28A, pemalsuan persetujuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 35 ayat (1), dan pemalsuan pendaftaran sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 36 yang melibatkan pejabat, pidananya ditambah 1/3 (satu pertiga) dari ancaman pidana pokok.">In the case of a criminal act as referred to in Article 28A, counterfeiting agreement referred to in Article 35 paragraph (1), and falsification of registration referred to in Article 36 involving officials, the punishment plus 1 / 3 (one third) of the principal criminal threat.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 100B">Section 100B</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Dalam hal tindak pidana sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 8, Pasal 9, Pasal 12, Pasal 14 ayat (4), Pasal 16 ayat (1), Pasal 20 ayat (3), Pasal 21, Pasal 23 ayat (1), Pasal 26 ayat">In the case of criminal acts referred to in Article 8, Article 9, Article 12, Article 14 paragraph (4), Article 16 paragraph (1), Article 20 paragraph (3), Article 21, Article 23 paragraph (1), Article 26, paragraph </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1), Pasal 27 ayat (1), Pasal 27 ayat (3), Pasal 28 ayat (1), Pasal 28 ayat (3), Pasal 35 ayat (1), Pasal 36 ayat (1), Pasal 38, Pasal">(1), Article 27 paragraph (1), Article 27 paragraph (3), Article 28 paragraph (1), Article 28 paragraph (3), Article 35 paragraph (1), Article 36 paragraph (1), Article 38, Article </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="42 ayat (3), atau Pasal 55 ayat (1) yang dilakukan oleh nelayan kecil dan/atau pembudi daya-ikan kecil dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 1 (satu) tahun atau denda paling banyak Rp250.000.000,00 (dua ratus lima">42 paragraph (3), or Article 55 paragraph (1) is carried out by fishermen and / or power-pembudi small fish shall be punished with imprisonment of 1 (one) year or a fine of not more Rp250.000.000, 00 (two hundred five </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="puluh juta rupiah).">fifty million rupiah).<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 100C">Section 100C</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Dalam hal tindak pidana sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 7 ayat (2) dilakukan oleh nelayan kecil dan/atau pembudi daya-ikan kecil dipidana dengan pidana denda paling banyak Rp100.000.000,00 (seratus juta rupiah).">In the case of a criminal act as referred to in Article 7 paragraph (2) carried out by fishermen and / or power-pembudi small fish is liable to a fine of up Rp100.000.000, 00 (one hundred million rupiah).<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 100D">Section 100D</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Dalam hal pengadilan menjatuhkan pidana denda, maka denda dimaksud wajib disetorkan ke kas Negara sebagai penerimaan negara bukan pajak kementerian yang membidangi urusan perikanan.">In the event that the court impose criminal fines, the fines shall be deposited into the state treasury as the state income tax instead of the ministry in charge of fisheries affairs.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="44.">44. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 105 dihapus.">Provisions of Article 105 be deleted.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="45.">45. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan Pasal 110 diubah sehingga Pasal 110 berbunyi sebagai berikut:">Provisions of Article 110 is amended so Article 110 reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 110">Article 110</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pada saat Undang-Undang ini mulai berlaku:">At the time the Act comes into force:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="a.">a. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Undang-Undang Nomor 9 Tahun 1985 tentang Perikanan (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1985 Nomor 46, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 3299); dan">Law No. 9 of 1985 on Fisheries (Republic of Indonesia State Gazette Year 1985 Number 46, the Republic of Indonesia State Gazette Number 3299); and</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="b.">b. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketentuan mengenai penyidikan sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 14 dan ketentuan mengenai pidana denda dalam Pasal 16 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1983 tentang Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1983 Nomor 44, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 3260)">The provisions concerning the investigation as provided for in Article 14 and the provision of criminal penalties in Article 16 paragraph (1) of Law Number 5 Year 1983 concerning the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1983 Number 44, Additional State Gazette Republic of Indonesia Number 3260) </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="khususnya yang berkaitan dengan tindak pidana di bidang perikanan; dicabut dan dinyatakan tidak berlaku.">particularly those related to criminal offenses in the field of fisheries; revoked and declared invalid.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="46.">46. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Di antara Pasal 110 dan Pasal 111 disisipkan 1 (satu) pasal yakni Pasal 110A, yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:">Between Article 110 and Article 111 inserted 1 (one) article ie Article 110a, which reads as follows:<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 110A">Article 110a</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Semua Peraturan Pemerintah yang diamanatkan untuk melaksanakan ketentuan Undang-Undang ini harus ditetapkan paling lama 1 (satu) tahun sejak Undang-Undang ini diundangkan.">All government regulation is mandated to implement the provisions of this Act shall be established no later than 1 (one) year from the promulgation of this Act.<br /><br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="PASAL II">ARTICLE II</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Undang-Undang ini mulai berlaku pada tanggal diundangkan.">This Law shall come into force on the date of promulgation.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Agar setiap orang mengetahuinya, memerintahkan pengundangan Undang-Undang ini dengan penempatannya dalam Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia.">For public cognizance, it is ordered that this Act be published in the Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia.<br /><br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Disahkan di Jakarta">Ratified in Jakarta</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pada tanggal 29 Oktober 2009">on October 29, 2009</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA,">PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="ttd.">Signed.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="DR.">DR. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="H.">H. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO">SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Diundangkan di Jakarta">Promulgated in Jakarta</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pada tanggal 29 Oktober 2009">on October 29, 2009</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="MENTERI HUKUM DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA">MINISTER OF JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="REPUBLIK INDONESIA,">REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="ttd.">Signed.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="PATRIALIS AKBAR">PATRIALIS AKBAR<br /><br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="LEMBARAN NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA TAHUN 2009 NOMOR 154">REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA YEAR 2009 NUMBER 154<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="PENJELASAN">EXPLANATION</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="ATAS">THE</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="UNDANG-UNDANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA">LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="NOMOR 45 TAHUN 2009">NUMBER 45 OF 2009</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="TENTANG">ABOUT</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="PERUBAHAN ATAS UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 31 TAHUN 2004">AMENDMENT TO THE LAW NUMBER 31 OF 2004</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="TENTANG PERIKANAN">ON FISHERIES<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="I.">I. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="UMUM">GENERAL</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Indonesia sebagai sebuah negara kepulauan yang sebagian besar wilayahnya terdiri dari laut, memiliki potensi perikanan yang sangat besar dan beragam.">Indonesia as an archipelagic country that most of its territory consists of the sea, has the potential fisheries are very large and diverse. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Potensi perikanan yang dimiliki merupakan potensi ekonomi yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk masa depan bangsa, sebagai tulang punggung pembangunan nasional.">Potential fishery is owned economic potential that can be utilized for the future of the nation, as the backbone of national development.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pemanfaatan secara optimal diarahkan pada pendayagunaan sumber daya ikan dengan memperhatikan daya dukung yang ada dan kelestariannya untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat, meningkatkan taraf hidup nelayan kecil dan pembudi daya-ikan kecil, meningkatkan penerimaan dari devisa negara, menyediakan perluasan dan kesempatan kerja, meningkatkan produktivitas, nilai">Directed at optimum utilization of fish resources by taking into account the existing carrying capacity and sustainability to improve the welfare of the people, improve the living standard of fishermen and small fish pembudi-power, increase the acceptance of foreign exchange, providing expansion and employment opportunities, increase productivity, value </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="tambah dan daya saing hasil perikanan serta menjamin kelestarian sumber daya ikan, lahan pembudidayaan ikan serta tata ruang.">added and competitiveness of the fishery and ensure sustainability of fish resources, land fish breeding as well as spatial. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Hal ini berarti bahwa pemanfaatan sumber daya perikanan harus seimbang dengan daya dukungnya, sehingga diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat secara terus menerus.">This means that the utilization of fishery resources must be balanced with its carrying capacity, so it is expected to benefit continuously. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Salah satunya dilakukan dengan pengendalian usaha perikanan melalui pengaturan pengelolaan perikanan.">One of them is done by controlling fishing effort by fishery management arrangements.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Konvensi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa mengenai Hukum Laut Tahun 1982 yang telah diratifikasi dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 1985 tentang Pengesahan United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982, menempatkan Indonesia memiliki hak berdaulat (sovereign rights) untuk melakukan pemanfaatan, konservasi, dan">United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982 which was ratified by Act No. 17 of 1985 on Ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982, placing Indonesia has sovereign rights (sovereign rights) to perform the utilization, conservation, and </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pengelolaan sumber daya ikan di Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif (ZEE) Indonesia, dan Laut Lepas yang dilaksanakan berdasarkan persyaratan atau standar internasional yang berlaku.">management of fish resources in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) Indonesia, and the High Seas are performed in accordance with the requirements or the applicable international standards.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan dasar hukum pengelolaan sumber daya ikan yang mampu menampung semua aspek pengelolaan sumber daya ikan dan mengantisipasi perkembangan kebutuhan hukum dan teknologi.">Therefore, the necessary legal basis for the management of fish resources that can accommodate all aspects of management of fish resources and anticipate the needs of legal and technological developments. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Kehadiran Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2004 tentang Perikanan diharapkan dapat mengantisipasi sekaligus sebagai solusi terhadap perubahan yang sangat besar di bidang perikanan, baik yang berkaitan dengan ketersediaan sumber daya ikan, kelestarian lingkungan sumber daya ikan, maupun perkembangan metode pengelolaan perikanan yang semakin efektif, efisien">The presence of Act No. 31 of 2004 on Fisheries is expected to anticipate as well as a solution to a very large change in fishing, whether in relation to the availability of fish resources, environmental sustainability of fish resources, as well as the development of fishery management methods more effective, efficient </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title=", dan modern.">, and modern.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Di sisi lain, terdapat beberapa isu dalam pembangunan perikanan yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian dari semua pihak, baik pemerintah, masyarakat maupun pihak lain yang terkait dengan pembangunan perikanan.">On the other hand, there are some issues in the development of fisheries that need to get the attention of all parties, including government, civil society and other parties associated with the development of fisheries. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Isu-isu tersebut diantaranya adanya gejala penangkapan ikan yang berlebih, pencurian ikan, dan tindakan illegal fishing lainnya yang tidak hanya menimbulkan kerugian bagi negara, tetapi juga mengancam kepentingan nelayan dan pembudi daya-ikan, iklim industri, dan usaha perikanan nasional.">These issues include the presence of symptoms of excessive fishing, illegal fishing, illegal fishing and other actions not only cause harm to the state, but also threaten the interests of fishermen and fish pembudi-power, industry climate, and national fisheries. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Permasalahan tersebut harus diselesaikan dengan sungguh-sungguh, sehingga penegakan hukum di bidang perikanan menjadi sangat penting dan strategis dalam rangka menunjang pembangunan perikanan secara terkendali dan berkelanjutan.">Those issues must be resolved in earnest, so that law enforcement in the field of fisheries to be very important and strategic in order to support development in a controlled and sustainable fisheries. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Adanya kepastian hokum merupakan suatu kondisi yang mutlak diperlukan dalam penanganan tindak pidana di bidang perikanan.">The existence of legal certainty is an indispensable condition in the handling of criminal acts in the field of fisheries.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Namun pada kenyataannya, Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2004 tentang Perikanan saat ini masih belum mampu mengantisipasi perkembangan teknologi serta perkembangan kebutuhan hukum dalam rangka pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan potensi sumber daya ikan dan belum dapat menjawab permasalahan tersebut.">But in fact, Law No. 31 of 2004 on Fisheries is still not able to anticipate technological developments and the development of legal needs in the management and utilization of fish resources and have not been able to answer these problems. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan perubahan terhadap beberapa substansi, baik menyangkut aspek manajemen, birokrasi, maupun aspek hukum.">It is therefore necessary to change to some substance, both related to aspects of management, bureaucracy, and legal aspects.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Kelemahan pada aspek manajemen pengelolaan perikanan antara lain belum terdapatnya mekanisme koordinasi antarinstansi yang terkait dengan pengelolaan perikanan.">Weaknesses in the management aspects of fisheries management, among others, yet the presence of the coordination mechanisms related to fisheries management. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Sedangkan pada aspek birokrasi, antara lain terjadinya benturan kepentingan dalam pengelolaan perikanan.">While the bureaucratic aspects, including conflict of interest in fisheries management. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Kelemahan pada aspek hukum antara lain masalah penegakan hukum, rumusan sanksi, dan yurisdiksi atau kompetensi relatif pengadilan negeri terhadap tindak pidana di bidang perikanan yang terjadi di luar kewenangan pengadilan negeri tersebut.">Weaknesses in the legal aspects of law enforcement among other issues, the formulation of sanctions, and the jurisdiction or competence relative to criminal district court in fisheries that occur beyond the authority of the courts of the country.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Melihat beberapa kelemahan yang terdapat dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2004 tentang Perikanan di atas, maka dirasa perlu untuk melakukan perubahan terhadap Undang-Undang tersebut, yang meliputi:">Looking at some of the weaknesses contained in Law No. 31 of 2004 on Fisheries in the above, it is felt necessary to make changes to the Act, which include:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pertama, mengenai pengawasan dan penegakan hukum menyangkut masalah mekanisme koordinasi antarinstansi penyidik dalam penanganan penyidikan tindak pidana di bidang perikanan, penerapan sanksi (pidana atau denda), hukum acara, terutama mengenai penentuan batas waktu pemeriksaan perkara, dan fasilitas dalam penegakan hukum di bidang perikanan,">First, regarding the supervision and law enforcement issues regarding the mechanism of coordination among investigators in the handling of criminal investigations in the field of fisheries, the application of sanctions (criminal or fines), procedural law, particularly regarding the determination of the time limit case investigation, and law enforcement facilities in the fields of fisheries, </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="termasuk kemungkinan penerapan tindakan hukum berupa penenggelaman kapal asing yang beroperasi di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia.">including the possibility of legal action in the form of sinking the application of foreign vessels operating in the fishery management area of the Republic of Indonesia.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Kedua, masalah pengelolaan perikanan antara lain kepelabuhanan perikanan, konservasi, perizinan, dan kesyahbandaran.">Second, the problem of fisheries management, among others, seaport fishing, conservation, licensing, and kesyahbandaran.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketiga, diperlukan perluasan yurisdiksi pengadilan perikanan sehingga mencakup seluruh wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia.">Third, the necessary expansion of fisheries jurisdiction of the court so that it covers the whole territory of the Republic of Indonesia fisheries management.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Di samping itu perubahan terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2004 tentang Perikanan juga mengarah pada keberpihakan kepada nelayan kecil dan pembudi daya-ikan kecil antara lain dalam aspek perizinan, kewajiban penerapan ketentuan mengenai sistem pemantauan kapal perikanan, pungutan perikanan, dan pengenaan sanksi pidana.">In addition, changes to the Act No. 31 of 2004 on Fisheries also lead to the alignments to small fishermen and small fish pembudi-power, among others, in terms of licensing, liability provisions regarding the application of fisheries vessel monitoring systems, fishery charges, and the imposition of criminal sanctions.<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="II.">II. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="PASAL DEMI PASAL">ARTICLE BY ARTICLE<br /> </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal I">Article I</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Angka 1">Figures 1</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 1">Article 1</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Cukup jelas.">Self-explanatory.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Angka 2">Figures 2</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 2">Article 2</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf a">Letter a</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Yang dimaksud dengan ”asas manfaat” adalah asas yang menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan perikanan harus mampu memberikan keuntungan dan manfaat yang sebesar-besarnya bagi peningkatan kemakmuran dan kesejahteraan rakyat.">The term "utility function" is a principle that suggests that fisheries management should be able to provide advantages and benefits as possible for increased prosperity and welfare.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf b">Point b</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Yang dimaksud dengan ”asas keadilan” adalah pengelolaan perikanan harus mampu memberikan peluang dan kesempatan yang sama secara proporsional bagi seluruh warga negara tanpa kecuali.">What is meant by "fairness" is the management of fisheries should be able to provide opportunity and equal opportunity in proportion to all citizens without exception.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf c">Letter c</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Yang dimaksud dengan ”asas kebersamaan” adalah pengelolaan perikanan mampu melibatkan seluruh pemangku kepentingan agar tercapai kesejahteraan masyarakat perikanan.">What is meant by "the principle of togetherness" is capable fisheries management involving all stakeholders in order to achieve the welfare of fishing communities.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf d">Letter d</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Yang dimaksud dengan ”asas kemitraan” adalah pengelolaan perikanan dilakukan dengan pendekatan kekuatan jejaring pelaku usaha dan sumber daya yang mempertimbangkan aspek kesetaraan dalam berusaha secara proporsional.">The term "partnership principle" is the approach to fisheries management is done by the power of business networking and resources in trying to consider the aspect of equality in proportion.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf e">Letter e</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Yang dimaksud dengan “asas kemandirian” adalah pengelolaan perikanan dilakukan dengan mengoptimalkan potensi perikanan yang ada.">What is meant by "independence principle" is done by optimizing the management of the fishery potential of the existing fisheries.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf f">F</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Yang dimaksud dengan ”asas pemerataan” adalah pengelolaan perikanan dilakukan secara seimbang dan merata, dengan memperhatikan nelayan kecil dan pembudi daya-ikan kecil.">What is meant by "the principle of equality" is the management of fisheries conducted in a balanced and equitable, taking into account the small fishermen and small fish pembudi-power.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf g">Letter g</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Yang dimaksud dengan ”asas keterpaduan” adalah pengelolaan perikanan dilakukan secara terpadu dari hulu sampai hilir dalam upaya meningkatkan efisiensi dan produktivitas.">What is meant by "integration principle" is done in an integrated fisheries management from upstream to downstream in an effort to increase efficiency and productivity.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf h">The h</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Yang dimaksud dengan ”asas keterbukaan” adalah pengelolaan perikanan dilakukan dengan memperhatikan aspirasi masyarakat dan didukung dengan ketersediaan informasi yang dapat diakses oleh masyarakat.">What is meant by "the principle of openness" is performed by taking into account fisheries management aspirations and is supported by the availability of information accessible by the public.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf i">The letter i</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Yang dimaksud dengan ”asas efisiensi” adalah pengelolaan perikanan dilakukan dengan tepat, cermat, dan berdaya guna untuk memperoleh hasil yang maksimal.">The term "efficiency principle" is done with proper fisheries management, careful, and efficient to obtain maximum results.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf j">Letter j</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Yang dimaksud dengan “asas kelestarian” adalah pengelolaan perikanan dilakukan seoptimal mungkin dengan tetap memperhatikan aspek kelestarian sumber daya ikan.">What is meant by "sustainability principle" is the management of fisheries carried out as optimal as possible with due regard to aspects of sustainability of fish resources.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf k">The letter k</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Yang dimaksud dengan ”asas pembangunan yang berkelanjutan” adalah pengelolaan perikanan dilakukan secara terencana dan mampu meningkatkan kemakmuran serta kesejahteraan rakyat dengan mengutamakan kelestarian fungsi lingkungan hidup untuk masa kini dan masa yang akan datang.">What is meant by "the principle of sustainable development" is a planned fisheries management and to increase prosperity and welfare of the people by giving priority to preservation of the environment for present and future.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Angka 3">Figures 3</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 7">Article 7</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ayat (1)">Subsection (1)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf a">Letter a</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Cukup jelas.">Self-explanatory.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf b">Point b</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Cukup jelas.">Self-explanatory.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf c">Letter c</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Cukup jelas.">Self-explanatory.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf d">Letter d</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Cukup jelas.">Self-explanatory.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf e">Letter e</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Cukup jelas.">Self-explanatory.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf f">F</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Cukup jelas.">Self-explanatory.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf g">Letter g</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Cukup jelas.">Self-explanatory.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf h">The h</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Cukup jelas.">Self-explanatory.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf i">The letter i</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Cukup jelas.">Self-explanatory.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf j">Letter j</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Cukup jelas.">Self-explanatory.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf k">The letter k</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Yang dimaksud dengan “sistem pemantauan kapal perikanan” adalah salah satu bentuk sistem pengawasan di bidang penangkapan ikan dengan menggunakan peralatan pemantauan kapal perikanan yang telah ditentukan, seperti sistem pemantauan kapal perikanan (vessel monitoring system/VMS).">The term "fishery vessel monitoring system" is a form of surveillance systems in the field of fishing using fishing vessel monitoring equipment that has been determined, such as fisheries vessel monitoring system (vessel monitoring system / VMS).</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf l">The letter l</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Dalam usaha meningkatkan produktivitas suatu perairan dapat dilakukan penebaran ikan jenis baru, yang kemungkinan menimbulkan efek negatif bagi kelestarian sumber daya ikan setempat sehingga perlu dipertimbangkan agar penebaran ikan jenis baru dapat beradaptasi dengan lingkungan sumber daya ikan setempat dan/atau tidak merusak keaslian sumber daya ikan.">In an effort to improve the productivity of a fish stocking waters can be a new species, which may cause negative effects to the preservation of local fish resources should be considered for stocking new fish species can adapt to the environment of local fish resources and / or does not undermine the authenticity of fish resources.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf m">The letter m</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Yang dimaksud dengan “penangkapan ikan berbasis budi daya” adalah penangkapan sumber daya ikan yang berkembang biak dari hasil penebaran kembali.">The term "aquaculture-based fisheries" is catching fish resources of the breed from the results of re-stocking.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf n">The letter n</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Sesuai dengan perkembangan teknologi, pembudidayaan ikan tidak lagi terbatas di kolam atau tambak, tetapi dilakukan pula di sungai, danau, dan laut.">In accordance with the development of technology, no longer limited to fish breeding in ponds or ponds, but has also been conducted in rivers, lakes, and seas. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Karena perairan ini menyangkut kepentingan umum, perlu adanya penetapan lokasi dan luas daerah serta cara yang dipergunakan agar tidak mengganggu kepentingan umum.">Because these waters related to public interest, the need for determining the location and extent of the area and how that is used so as not to disturb the public interest.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Di samping itu, perlu ditetapkan ketentuan yang bertujuan melindungi pembudidayaan tersebut, misalnya, pencemaran lingkungan sumber daya ikan.">In addition, it should be stipulated provisions aimed at protecting the cultivation of these, for example, environmental contamination of fish resources.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf o">Letter o</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Cukup jelas.">Self-explanatory.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf p">Letter p</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ada beberapa cara yang dapat ditempuh dalam melaksanakan rehabilitasi dan peningkatan sumber daya ikan dan lingkungannya, antara lain, dengan penanaman atau reboisasi hutan bakau, pemasangan terumbu karang buatan, pembuatan tempat berlindung atau berkembang biak ikan, peningkatan kesuburan perairan dengan jalan pemupukan atau penambahan jenis makanan">There are several ways that can be taken in implementing the rehabilitation and enhancement of fish resources and the environment, among others, by planting or reforestation of mangroves, the installation of artificial reefs, making a shelter or breed fish, increased fertility waters with fertilization or the addition of street foods </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title=", pembuatan saluran ruaya ikan, atau pengerukan dasar perairan.">, making the channel ruaya fish, or dredging the bottom waters.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf q">Letter q</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Cukup jelas.">Self-explanatory.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf r">The letter r</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Yang dimaksud dengan “kawasan konservasi perairan” adalah kawasan perairan yang dilindungi, dikelola dengan sistem zonasi, untuk mewujudkan pengelolaan sumber daya ikan dan lingkungannya secara berkelanjutan.">The term "water conservation" is a protected water areas, managed by the zoning system, to realize the management of fish resources and the environment in a sustainable way.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf s">An s</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Penetapan wabah dan wilayah wabah penyakit ikan bertujuan agar masyarakat mengetahui bahwa dalam wilayah tersebut terjangkit wabah, dan ditetapkan langkah pencegahan terjadinya penyebaran wabah penyakit ikan dari satu wilayah ke wilayah lainnya.">Determination of the outbreak and the outbreak of fish disease intended to make people aware that in the region contracted the plague, and set out measures preventing the spread of epidemic diseases of fish from one area to another.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf t">The letter t</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Cukup jelas.">Self-explanatory.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Huruf u">The letter u</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Cukup jelas.">Self-explanatory.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ayat (2)">Paragraph (2)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Cukup jelas.">Self-explanatory.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ayat (3)">Paragraph (3)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Cukup jelas.">Self-explanatory.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ayat (4)">Paragraph (4)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Cukup jelas.">Self-explanatory.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ayat (5)">Paragraph (5)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Yang dimaksud dengan “para ahli” adalah terdiri dari pakar, akademisi, dan pejabat instansi pemerintah terkait yang mempunyai keahlian di bidang sumber daya ikan.">What is meant by "experts" is composed of experts, academics, and officials of relevant government agencies that have expertise in the field of fish resources.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ayat (6)">Subsection (6)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Yang dimaksud dengan “jenis ikan” adalah:">The term "fish" are:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="a.">a. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="ikan bersirip (pisces);">finned fish (pisces);</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="b.">b. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="udang, rajungan, kepiting, dan sebangsanya (crustacea);">shrimp, small crab, crab, and the like (crustaceans);</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="c.">c. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="kerang, tiram, cumi-cumi, gurita, siput, dan sebangsanya (mollusca);">clams, oysters, squid, octopus, snails, and the like (molluscs);</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="d.">d. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="ubur-ubur dan sebangsanya (coelenterata);">jellyfish and the like (Coelenterata);</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="e.">e. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="tripang, bulu babi, dan sebangsanya (echinodermata);">sea cucumber, sea urchins, and the like (echinoderms);</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="f.">f. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="kodok dan sebangsanya (amphibia);">frogs and the like (Amphibia);</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="g.">g. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="buaya, penyu, kura-kura, biawak, ular air, dan sebangsanya (reptilia);">crocodiles, turtles, tortoises, lizards, water snakes, and the like (reptile);</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="h.">h. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="paus, lumba-lumba, pesut, duyung, dan sebangsanya (mammalia);">whales, dolphins, dolphins, dugongs, and the like (mammalian);</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="i.">i. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="rumput laut dan tumbuh-tumbuhan lain yang hidupnya di dalam air (algae); dan">seaweed and other plants whose life in the water (algae) and</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="j.">j. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="biota perairan lainnya yang ada kaitannya dengan jenisjenis tersebut di atas;">other aquatic biota in connection with jenisjenis above;</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="semuanya termasuk bagian-bagiannya dan ikan yang dilindungi.">everything including their parts and fish are protected.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Angka 4">Figures 4</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 9">Article 9</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Alat penangkapan ikan dan/atau alat bantu penangkapan ikan yang mengganggu dan merusak keberlanjutan sumber daya ikan termasuk diantaranya jaring trawl atau pukat harimau, dan/atau kompressor.">Fishing gear and / or assistive devices that interfere with fishing and damaging the sustainability of fish resources include trawl nets or trawling, and / or compressor.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Angka 5">Figures 5</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasal 14">Article 14</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ayat (1)">Subsection (1)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Yang dimaksud dengan “plasma nutfah” adalah substansi yang terdapat dalam kelompok makhluk hidup dan merupakan sumber atau sifat keturunan yang dapat dimanfaatkan dan dikembangkan atau dirakit untuk menciptakan jenis unggul baru, untuk melindungi plasma nutfah yang ada agar tidak hilang, punah, atau rusak, disamping">The term "germ plasm" is a substance contained in a group of living things and is the source or nature of the offspring that can be harnessed and developed or assembled to create a new superior species, to protect the existing germplasm in order not to be lost, destroyed, or damaged, in addition </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="juga sebagai bentuk perlindungan ekosistem yang ada.">also as a form of protection of existing ecosystems.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ayat (2)">Paragraph (2)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Cukup jelas.">Self-explanatory.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ayat (3)">Paragraph (3)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Yang dimaksud dengan “ikan jenis baru” adalah ikan yang bukan asli dan/atau tidak berasal dari alam darat dan laut Indonesia yang dikenali dan/atau diketahui dimasukkan ke dalam wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia maupun ikan yang berasal dari hasil pemuliaan, baik dalam negeri">What is meant by "a new kind of fish" is a non-native fish and / or does not come from the natural land and sea Indonesia that are recognized and / or known to be included into the territory of the Republic of Indonesia fisheries management and fish from breeding results, both domestic </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="maupun luar negeri.">and abroad.</span>Unknownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17877193240044731627noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502920490105778198.post-69317755534057109022012-01-10T17:16:00.001-08:002012-01-10T17:16:26.810-08:00Differences of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry<br />
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<span class="long_text" id="result_box" lang="en" style="color: #333333; display: block; font-size: 16px; min-height: 93px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;"><span title="Kimia Organik adalah disiplin ilmu kimia yang spesifik membahas studi mengenai struktur, sifat, komposisi, reaksi dan persiapan(sintesis atau arti lainnya) tentang persenyawaan kimiawi yang bergugus karbon dan hidrogen, yang dapat juga terdiri atas beberapa elemen lain, termasuk nitrogen, oksigen, unsur">Organic chemistry is the chemistry of specific disciplines to discuss the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation (synthesis or other sense) of chemical compounds that bergugus carbon and hydrogen, which can also consist of several other elements, including nitrogen, oxygen, an element </span><span title="halogen, seperti fosfor, silikon dan belerang.">halogen, such as phosphorus, silicon and sulfur.</span><span title="Definisi asli dari kimia “organik” berasal dari kesalahan persepsi atas campuran organik yang selalu dihubungkan dengan kehidupan.">The original definition of the chemical "organic" comes from the misperception of the organic mixture that is always connected with life.</span><span title="Tidak semua senyawa organik mendukung kehidupan di bumi sepenuhnya, tetapi kehidupan seperti yang telah kita ketahui bergantung pula pada sebagian besar kimia anorganik; sebagai contoh: beberapa enzim bergantung pada logam transisi, seperti besi dan tembaga; dan senyawa bahan seperti cangkang/kulit, gigi dan">Not all organic compounds support life on earth completely, but life as we know it depends on the majority of inorganic chemistry; as an example: some enzymes rely on transition metals, such as iron and copper; and compound materials such as shell / skin, teeth and</span><span title="tulang terdiri atas sebagian bahan organik,sebagian lain anorganik.">Bone consists of some organic materials, some of the other inorganic.</span><span title="Terlepas dari bahan dasar karbon, kimia anorganik hanya menguraikan senyawa karbon sederhana, dengan struktur molekul yang tidak mengandung karbon menjadi rantai karbon (seperti dioksida, asam, karbonat, karbida, dan mineral).">Apart from the basic materials of carbon, inorganic chemistry only describes a simple carbon compounds, with molecular structures that do not contain carbon to carbon chains (such as dioxide, acids, carbonates, carbides, and minerals). </span><span title="Hal ini tidak berarti bahwa senyawa karbon tunggal tidak ada (yaitu: metana dan turunan sederhana).">This does not mean that there is no single carbon compounds (ie: methane and simple derivatives).<br /> </span><span title="Kimia anorganik adalah cabang kimia yang mempelajari sifat dan reaksi senyawa anorganik.">Inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies the properties and reactions of inorganic compounds. </span><span title="Ini mencakup semua senyawa kimia kecuali yang berupa rantai atau cincin atom-atom karbon, yang disebut senyawa organik dan dipelajari dalam kimia organik.">It covers all chemical compounds except in the form of chains or rings of carbon atoms, which are called organic compounds and studied in organic chemistry. </span><span title="Perbedaan antara kedua bidang ilmu ini tidak mutlak dan banyak tumpang-tindih, khususnya dalam subbidang kimia organologam.">The difference between these two disciplines is not absolute and a lot of overlap, especially in organometallic chemistry subfields.<br /> </span><span title="Senyawa organikadalah senyawa karbon apa saja.">Compounds of carbon compounds organikadalah anything.</span><span title="Senyawa anorganikadalah senyawa apa saja yang tidak tergolong senyawa organik.">Compounds anorganikadalah any compounds that are not classified as organic compounds.</span><span title="Pada awal perkembangan ilmu kimia sebagai suatu ilmu pengetahuan, berlaku klasifikasi senyawa kedalam senyawa organik dan senyawa anorganik berdasarkan asal usul senyawa.">In the early development of chemistry as a science, apply the classification of compounds into organic compounds and inorganic compounds based on the origin of compounds. </span><span title="Semua senyawa yang berasal dari makhluk hidup digolongkan dalam senyawa organic, sedangkan yang berasal dari mineral digolongkan dalam senyawa anorganik.">All the compounds derived from living things classified into organic compounds, while those derived from inorganic compounds is classified in the mineral. </span><span title="Pada waktu itu diyakini bahwa senya organic hanya dapat tejadi oleh adanya pengaruh dari daya yang dimiliki makhluk hidup ( vital force atau vis vitalis ).">At the time it was believed that organic senya only occurs by the influence of power in living things (vital force or vis vitalist).</span><span title="Dengan keberhasilan Friederich Wohler dalam membuat urea (senyawa organic) dari amonium sianat ( senyawa Anorganik ) pada tahun 1828, maka keyakinan adanya pengaruh 'vital force' dalam pembentukan senyawa organnik semakin goyah.">With the success of Friedrich Wohler in making urea (organic compound) from ammonium cyanates (inorganic compounds) in 1828, then the belief in the influence of 'vital force' in the formation of compounds organnik increasingly shaky. </span><span title="Dalam perkembangan selanjutnya diperoleh suatu kesimpulan bahwa diantara senyawa organic dan anorganik tidak ada perbedaan mengenai hukum- hukum kimia yang berlaku.">In subsequent developments obtained a conclusion that between the organic and inorganic compounds there was no difference regarding chemical laws and regulations.</span><span title="Meskipun diantara senyawa organic dan senyawa anorganik tidak ada pwerbedaan yang hakiki sebagai senyawa kimia, namun pengkajiannya tetap dipandang perlu dipisahkan dalam cabang kimia yang spesifik.">Although among the organic compounds and inorganic compounds there is no intrinsic pwerbedaan as chemical compounds, but still deemed necessary pengkajiannya separated in a specific branch of chemistry.</span><span title="Secara garis besar alasan yang melandasi pemisahan bidang kajian kimia organic dan kimia anorganik adalah :">Broadly speaking, the reasons underlying the separation of fields of study organic chemistry and inorganic chemistry are:</span><span title="jumlah senyawa organic jauh lebih banyak daripada senyawa anorganik.">number of organic compounds much more than inorganic compounds.</span><span title="semua senyawa organic mengandung atom karbon, yang mempunyai keunikan dalam hal kemampuannya membentuk rantai dengan sesama atom karbon, dan mempunyai sifat-sifat khas.">all organic compounds containing carbon atoms, which has a uniqueness in terms of their ability to form chains with other carbon atoms, and have distinctive properties.</span><span title="B.">B. </span><span title="Perbedaan antara senyawa organik dengan senyawa anorganik">The difference between organic compounds with inorganic compounds</span><span title="Senyawa organik:">Organic compounds:</span><span title="1.">1. </span><span title="Kebanyakan berasal dari makhluk hidup dan beberapa dari hasil sintesis">Most come from living things and some of the results of synthesis</span><span title="2.">2. </span><span title="Senyawa organik lebih mudah terbakar">More flammable organic compounds</span><span title="3.">3. </span><span title="Strukturnya lebih rumit">The structure is more complicated</span><span title="4.">4. </span><span title="Semua senyawa organik mengandung unsur karbon">All organic compounds contain the element carbon</span><span title="5.">5. </span><span title="Hanya dapat larut dalam pelarut organik">Only soluble in organic solvents</span><span title="6.">6. </span><span title="CH4, C2H5OH, C2H6 dsb.">CH4, C2H5OH, C2H6, etc..</span><span title="Senyawa Anorganik :">Inorganic Compounds:</span><span title="1.">1. </span><span title="Berasal dari sumber daya alammineral ( bukan makhluk hidup)">Derived from alammineral resources (not living)</span><span title="2.">2. </span><span title="Tidak mudah terbakar">Not combustible</span><span title="3.">3. </span><span title="Struktur sederhana">Simple structure</span><span title="4.">4. </span><span title="Dapat larut dalam pelarut air atau organik">Soluble in water or organic solvents</span><span title="5.">5. </span><span title="NaF, NaCl, NaBr, NaI dsb.">NaF, NaCl, NaBr, NaI, etc..</span></span></div>
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<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />Unknownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17877193240044731627noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502920490105778198.post-14876159514291310092012-01-10T17:11:00.001-08:002012-01-10T17:11:32.055-08:00NUTRITIONAL CONTENT OF MEAT FISH CATFISH<br />
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<span class="long_text" id="result_box" lang="en" style="color: #333333; display: block; font-size: 16px; min-height: 93px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;"><span class="hps">Catfish</span> <span class="hps">belong to one</span> <span class="hps">species</span> <span class="hps">of freshwater fish</span> <span class="hps">that taste</span> <span class="hps">delicious</span> <span class="hps">meat</span> <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">the meat</span><span class="hps">tender and</span> <span class="hps">empuk.Hal</span> <span class="hps">gurih.Tekstur</span> <span class="hps">this makes</span> <span class="hps">penggemar.Selain</span> <span class="hps">catfish</span> <span class="hps">have</span> <span class="hps">taste that is</span> <span class="hps">delicious</span> <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">tasty</span>, <span class="hps">catfish</span> <span class="hps">turned out to</span> <span class="hps">have a</span> <span class="hps">high nutrient content</span>.<br /><br /><span class="hps">Based on the</span> <span class="hps">results of</span> <span class="hps">the study</span>, <span class="hps">catfish</span> <span class="hps">have</span> <span class="hps">enough</span> <span class="hps">nutrients</span> <span class="hps">tinggi.dalam</span> <span class="hps">African catfish</span> <span class="hps">500 grams</span> <span class="hps">(roughly</span> <span class="hps">consists</span> <span class="hps">of</span> <span class="hps">four</span> <span class="hps">tails</span>) <span class="hps">contains</span> <span class="hps">12 grams</span> <span class="hps">of protein</span>, <span class="hps atn">energy-</span>149<span class="hps">calories</span>, <span class="hps">8.4</span> <span class="hps">grams of</span> <span class="hps">fat</span> <span class="hps">and</span> <span class="hps">carbohydrates</span> <span class="hps">6.4</span> <span class="hps">gram.Untuk</span> <span class="hps">more details</span> <span class="hps">, consider the</span><span class="hps">following table.</span><br /><br /><span class="hps">TABEL.Kandungan</span> <span class="hps">nutrients</span> <span class="hps">per 500</span> <span class="hps">grams of</span> <span class="hps">catfish</span><br /><br /><span class="hps">vitamin</span><br /><span class="hps">Nutrition</span> <span class="hps">Ingredients</span><br /><span class="hps">protein</span><br /><span class="hps">12 grams</span><br /><span class="hps">energy</span><br /><span class="hps">149 grams</span><br /><span class="hps">fat</span><br /><span class="hps">8.4</span> <span class="hps">grams</span><br /><span class="hps">carbohydrate</span><br /><span class="hps">6.4</span> <span class="hps">grams</span><br /><br /><span class="hps">Nutrient composition</span> <span class="hps">of this magnitude</span> <span class="hps">are rarely</span> <span class="hps">owned</span> <span class="hps">by</span> <span class="hps">the meat</span>-producing <span class="hps">animal protein</span> <span class="hps">lainnya.Karena</span>, the <span class="hps">catfish</span> <span class="hps">is a type</span> <span class="hps">of fish</span> <span class="hps">is</span> <span class="hps">highly</span> <span class="hps">recommended</span> <span class="hps">to be consumed</span> <span class="hps">manusia.Apalagi</span>, the price <span class="hps">of fish</span> <span class="hps">is</span> <span class="hps">classified as very</span> <span class="hps">murahdibanding</span> <span class="hps">price of</span><span class="hps">other fish</span>.</span></div>
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<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />Unknownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17877193240044731627noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502920490105778198.post-18766637233107026102012-01-10T17:09:00.001-08:002012-01-10T17:09:49.018-08:00TECHNIQUE spawning catfish<span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="PENDAHULUAN">INTRODUCTION</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ikan lele merupakan salah satu jenis ikan air tawar yang sudah dibudidayakan secara komersial oleh masyarakat Indonesia terutama di Pulau Jawa.">Catfish is one type of freshwater fish that have been cultivated commercially by the people of Indonesia especially in Java.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Budidaya lele berkembang pesat dikarenakan : 1) dapat dibudidayakan di lahan dan sumber air yang terbatas dengan padat tebar tinggi, 2) teknologi budidaya relatif mudah dikuasai oleh masyarakat, 3) pemasarannya relatif mudah dan 4) modal usaha yang dibutuhkan relatif rendah.">Catfish aquaculture developed rapidly due to: 1) can be cultivated on land and water resources are limited with high stocking solid, 2) cultivation technology relatively easily controlled by the community, 3) marketing is relatively easy and 4) the venture capital required is relatively low.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pengembangan usaha budidaya ikan ini semakin meningkat setelah masuknya jenis ikan lele dumbo ke Indonesia pada tahun 1985.">The development of fish farming is increasing after the entry of African catfish species of fish to Indonesia in 1985. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Keunggulan lele dumbo dibanding lele lokal antara lain tumbuh lebih cepat, jumlah telur lebih banyak dan lebih tahan penyakit.">African catfish advantages compared to local catfish, among others, grow faster, the number of eggs more and more disease resistant. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Namun demikian perkembangan budidaya yang pesat tanpa didukung pengelolaan induk yang baik menyebabkan lele dumbo mengalami penurunan kualitas.">However, the rapid development of aquaculture management of the parent without the support of good causes decreased quality of African catfish. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Hal ini karena adanya perkawinan sekerabat (inbreeding), seleksi induk yang salah atas penggunaan induk yang berkualitas rendah.">This is because of inbreeding (inbreeding), selection of one parent over the use of low-quality parent.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Penurunan kualitas ini dapat diamati dari karakter umum pertama matang gonad, derajat penetasan telur, pertumbuhan harian, daya tahan terhadap penyakit dan nilai FCR (Feeding Conversation Rate).">Quality degradation can be observed from the general character of the first ripe gonads, the degree of hatching eggs, daily growth, resistance to disease and the value of FCR (Conversation Feeding Rate). </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Sebagai upaya perbaikan mutu ikan lele dumbo, Balai Pengembangan Benih Air Tawar (BPBAT) Sukabumi telah berhasil melakukan rekayasa genetik untuk manghasilkan lele dumbo strain baru yang diberi nama lele ”Sangkuriang”.">In an effort to improve the quality of African catfish fish, Freshwater Seed Development Center (BPBAT) Sukabumi have managed to genetically engineer new strain manghasilkan African catfish catfish named "Sangkuriang".<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Perekayasaan ini meliputi produksi induk melalui silang-balik (tahun 2000), uji keturunan benih dari induk hasil silang-balik (tahun 2001), dan aplikasi produksi induk silang-balik (tahun 2002-2004).">These include master production engineering through cross-back (in 2000), seed offspring from the parent test results of cross-back (in 2001), and production applications stem cross-back (years 2002-2004). </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Hasil perekayansaan ini (lele sangkuriang) memiliki karakteristik reproduksi dan pertumbuhan yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan lele dumbo yang saat ini beredar di masyarakat.">The results of this perekayansaan (catfish sangkuriang) has the characteristics of reproduction and better growth compared with African catfish that is currently circulating in the community.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Budidaya lele sangkuriang (Clarias sp) mulai berkembang sejak tahun 2004, setelah dirilis oleh Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan, dengan Nomor Kepmen KP 26/Men/2004.">Cultivation sangkuriang catfish (Clarias sp) started to develop since 2004, after it was released by the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, with the Ministerial Decree No. KP 26/Men/2004. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Teknik budidaya lele sangkuriang tidak berbeda dengan lele dumbo, mulai dari pembenihan sampai pembesaran.">Sangkuriang catfish farming techniques are no different from African catfish, from seeding to enlargement.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="II.">II. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="TEKNIK PEMIJAHAN LELE SANGKURIANG">TECHNIQUE spawning catfish Sangkuriang</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="2.1.">2.1. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pematangan Gonad">Gonad maturation</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pematangan gonad lele sangkuriang dilakukan di kolam tanah.">Gonadal maturation of catfish in the pond soil sangkuriang done. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Caranya, siapkan kolam ukuran 50 m2, keringkan selama 2-4 hari dan perbaiki seluruh bagian kolam, isi air setinggi 50-70 cm dan alirkan secara kontinyu, masukkan 300 ekor induk ukuran 0,7-1,0 kg, beri pakan tambahan berupa">How, to prepare the pool size of 50 m2, dried for 2-4 days and repair all parts of the pond, the water content as high as 50-70 cm and circulate continuously, enter 300 breeding size from 0.7 to 1.0 kg, give additional feed </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pellet khusus lele dumbo sebanyak 3% setiap hari.">specifically African catfish pellets as much as 3% per day.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Catatan: induk jantan dan betina dipelihara terpisah.">Note: male and female parent are kept separated.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="2.2.">2.2. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pematangan di bak">Maturation in the tub</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pematangan gonad juga bisa dilakukan di bak.">Gonadal maturation can also be done in the tub. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Caranya, siapkan baktembok ukuran panjang 8m, lebar 4m dan tinggi 1m; keringkan selama 2-4 hari, isi air setinggi 80-100 cm dan alirkan secara kontinyu, masukkan 100 ekor induk, beri pakan tambahan (pellet) sebanyak 3 persen/hari.">How, to prepare baktembok 8m length, 4m width and height of 1m; dry for 2-4 days, the water content as high as 80-100 cm and circulate continuously, enter 100 breeding, give additional food (pellets) as much as 3 percent / day.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Catatan: induk jantan dan betina dipelihara terpisah.">Note: male and female parent are kept separated.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="2.3.Seleksi">2.3.Seleksi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Seleksi induk lele sangkuriang dilakukan dengan melihat tanda-tanda pada tubuh.">Parent selection catfish sangkuriang done by looking at the signs on the body.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Tanda induk betina yang matang gonad :">Parent signs a mature female gonads:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="- perut gendut dan tubuh agak kusam">- Abdominal body fat and a bit dull</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="- gerakan lamban dan punya dua lubang kelamin">- Slow motion and had two holes sex</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="- satu lubang telur satu lubang kencing">- One egg one hole pee hole</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="- alat kelamin kemerahan dan agak membengkak">- Genitalia reddish and slightly swollen</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="- Tanda induk jantan yang matang gonad :">- Signs of mature gonads male parent:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="- gerakan lincah, tubuh memerah dan bercahaya">- Agile movements, body flushed and glowing</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="- punya satu lubang kelamin yang memanjang, kemerahan, agak membengkak dan berbintik putih.">- Have a genital opening elongated, reddish, somewhat swollen and white spots.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="2.4.">2.4. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pemijahan dan Pemeliharaan Larva">Spawning and Larval Rearing</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pemijahan ikan lele sangkuriang dapat dilakukan dengan tiga cara yaitu : pemijahan alami (natural spawning), pemijahan semi alami (induced spawning) dan pemijahan buatan (induced/artificial breeding).">Sangkuriang spawning catfish can be done in three ways: natural spawning (natural spawning), semi-natural spawning (induced spawning) and artificial spawning (induced / artificial breeding). </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pemijahan alami dilakukan dengan cara memilih induk jantan dan betina yang benar-benar matang gonad kemudian dipijahkan secara alami di bak/wadah pemijahan dengan pemberian kakaban.">Natural spawning is done by selecting the male and female are really mature gonads then dipijahkan naturally in the tub / container spawning by administering Kakaban. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pemijahan semi alami dilakukan dengan cara merangsang induk betina dengan penyuntikan hormon perangsang kemudian dipijahkan secara alami.">Semi-natural spawning is done by stimulating the female parent by stimulating hormone injections then dipijahkan naturally. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pemijahan buatan dilakukan dengan cara merangsang induk betina dengan penyuntikkan hormon perangsang kemudian dipijahkan secara buatan.">Artificial spawning is done by stimulating the female parent with a hormone injection and then dipijahkan artificially stimulating.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pemijahan Alami">Natural spawning</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="- Siapkan bak berukuran panjang 2m, lebr 1m, dan tinggi 0,4 m">- Prepare a length of 2m tub, lebr 1m, and 0.4 m high</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="- Keringkan selama 2-4 hari">- Dry for 2-4 days</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="- Isi air setinggi 30 cm dan biarkan mengalir selama pemijahan">- Fill the water as high as 30 cm and let it flow during the spawning</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="- Pasang hapa halus seusai ukuran bak">- Install hapa fine after size tub</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="- Masukkan ijuk secukupnya">- Enter the taste fibers</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="- Masukkan 1 ekor induk betina yang sudah matang gonad pada siang atau sore hari">- Enter a breeding female was mature gonads in the afternoon or evening</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="- Masukkan pula 1 ekor induk jantan">- Include a breeding male</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="- Biarkan memijah">- Let the spawning</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="- Esok harinya tangkap kedua induk dan biarkan telur menetas di tempat itu.">- The next day, catching both the parent and let the eggs hatch in place.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Hasil pemijahan alami lele sangkuriang biasanya kurang memuaskan.">The results of the natural spawning catfish sangkuriang usually less satisfactory. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Jumlah telur yang keluar tidak banyak.">The number of eggs that came out not much.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="B.">B. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pemijahan Semi Alami">Spawning Semi Natural</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="- Perbandingan induk jantan dan betina 1:1 baik jumlah maupun berat">- Comparison of male and female parent 1:1 both the number and weight</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="- Penyuntikkan langkahnya sama dengan pemijahan buatan">- Injection step with an artificial spawning</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="- Pemijahan langkahnya sama dengan pemijahan alami">- Spawning pace equal to the natural spawning<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="C.">C. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pemijahan Buatan">Artificial spawning</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pemijahan buatan memerlukan keahlian khusus.">Artificial spawning requires special expertise. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Dua langkah kerja yang harus dilakukan dalam sistem ini adalah penyuntikkan, pengambilan sperma dan pengeluaran telur.">Two measures of work to be done in this system is the injection, retrieval of sperm and egg expenditure.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Penyuntikkan dengan ovaprim">Injection with ovaprim</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Penyuntikkan adalah kegiatan memasukkan hormon perangsang ke tubuh induk betina.">Injection is an activity stimulating hormone to enter the mother's body. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Hormon perangsang yang digunakan adalah ovaprim.">Stimulating hormone used is ovaprim. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Caranya, siapkan induk betina yang sudah matang gonad; sedot 0,3 mil ovaprim untuk setiap kilogram induk; suntikkan ke dalam tubuh induk tersebut; masukkan induk yang sudah disuntik ke dalam bak lain dan biarkan selama 10 jam.">How, to prepare the female parent was mature gonads; suction 0.3 mi ovaprim for each kilogram of the parent; inject into the body of the parent; enter a parent that has been injected into the other bath and let stand for 10 hours.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Penyuntikkan dengan hypofisa">Injection with hypofisa</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Penyuntikkan bisa juga dengan ekstrak kelenjar hypofisa ikan mas atau lele dumbo.">Injection can also extract glandular hypofisa carp or African catfish. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Caranya siapkan induk betina yang sudah matang gonad ; siapkan 1,5 kg ikan mas ukuran 0,5 kg; potong ikan mas tersebut secara vertikal tepat di belakang tutup insang; potong bagian kepala secara horizontal tepat dibawah mata; buang bagian otak; ambil kelenjar hypofisa">How to prepare the female parent was mature gonads; prepare 1.5 kg 0.5 kg carp size; cut goldfish vertically just behind the gill cover; cut off the head horizontally just below the eye; discard parts of the brain; grab gland hypofisa </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="; masukkan ke dalam gelas penggerus dan hancurkan; masukkan 1 cc aquabides dan aduk hingga rata; sedot larutan hypofisa itu; suntikkan ke dalam tubuh induk betina; masukkan induk yang sudah disuntik ke bak lain dan biarkan selama 10 jam.">; put into a glass muller and destroy; enter 1 cc aquabides and stir until blended; suction hypofisa solution that; inject into the body of the female parent; enter the parent that has been injected into another tub and let stand for 10 hours.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pengambilan Sperma">Sperm retrieval</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Setengah jam sebelum pengeluaran tleur; sperma harus disiapkan.">Half an hour before spending tleur; sperm must be prepared. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Caranya:">Here's how:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="1.">1. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Tangkap induk jantan yang sudah matang kelamin">Capture the male parent was mature sex</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="2.">2. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Potong secara vertikal tepat di belakang tutup insang">Cut vertically just behind the gill cover</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="3.">3. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Keluarkan darahnya">Remove the blood</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="4.">4. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Gunting kulit perutnya mulai dari anus hingga belakang insang">Cut out stomach skin from the anus to the back of the gills</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="5.">5. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Buang organ lain di dalam perut">Dispose of other organs in the abdomen</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="6.">6. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ambil kantung sperma">Take the sperm sac</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="7.">7. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Bersihkan kantung sperma dengan tisu hingga kering">Clean the sperm sac with a tissue to dry</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="8.">8. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Hancurkan kantung sperma dangan cara menggunting bagian yang paling banyak">Destroy the sperm sac view of how to cut part of the most</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="9.">9. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Peras spermanya agar keluar dan masukkan ke dalam cangkir yang telah diisi 50 ml (setengah gelas) aquabides">Squeeze his sperm to come out and insert it into the cup that has been filled 50 ml (half a cup) aquabides</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="10.">10. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Aduk hingga homogen.">Stir until homogeneous.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="2.5.">2.5. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pengeluaran Telur">Expenditure Eggs</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pengeluaran telur dilakukan setelah 10 jam dari peyuntikkan, namun 9 jam sebelumnya diadakan pengecekkan.">Expenditure eggs done after 10 hours of peyuntikkan, but nine hours earlier held pengecekkan.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Cara pengeluaran telur:">Way of the eggs:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="1.">1. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Siapkan 3 buah baskom plastik, 1 botol Natrium Chlorida (infus), sebuah bulu ayam, kain lap dan tisu">Prepare 3 pieces of plastic basin, a bottle of sodium chloride (IV), a chicken feathers, rags and wipes</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="2.">2. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Tangkap induk dengan sekup net">Catch the parent with net sekup</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="3.">3. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Keringkan tubuh induk dengan lap">Parent body dry with a cloth</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="4.">4. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Bungkus induk dengan lap dan biarkan lubang telur terbuka">Wrap the stem with a cloth and let the eggs open pit</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="5.">5. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pegang bagian kepala oleh satu orang dan pegang bagian ekor oleh yang lainnya">Hold the head by one person and grasp the tail by others</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="6.">6. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pijit bagian perut ke arah lubang telur">Massage the abdomen toward the hole egg</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="7.">7. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Tampung telur dalam baskom plastic">Capacity of the eggs in a plastic basin</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="8.">8. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Campurkan larutan sperma ke dalam telur">Mix a solution of sperm into the egg</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="9.">9. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Aduk hingga rata dengan bulu ayam">Stir until blended with chicken feathers</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="10.">10. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Tambahkan Natrium Chlorida dan aduk hingga rata">Add sodium chloride and mix until blended</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="11.">11. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Buang cairan itu agar telur-telur bersih dari darah">Discard the liquid to the eggs clean of blood</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="12.">12. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Telus siap ditetaskan.">Telus ready hatched.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="2.6.">2.6. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Penetasan">Incubation</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Penetasan lele sangkuriang dimasukkan ke dalam bak tembok.">Hatching catfish sangkuriang inserted into the tub wall. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Caranya :">Here's how:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="1.">1. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Siapkan sebuah bak tembok ukuran panjang 2 m, lebar 1 m dan tinggi 0,4 m">Prepare a tub wall 2 m length, width 1 m and height 0.4 m</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="2.">2. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Keringkan selama 2-4 hari">Dry for 2-4 days</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="3.">3. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Isi bak tersebut dengan air setinggi 30 cm dan biarkan air mengalir selama penetasan">Fill the tub with water as high as 30 cm and let the water flow during the hatching</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="4.">4. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pasang hapa halus yang ukurannya sama dengan bak">Hapa pairs fine with the same size tub</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="5.">5. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Beri pemberat agar hapa tenggelam (misalnya kawat behel yang diberi selang atau apa saja">Give hapa ballast to sink (eg a given wire stirrup hose or whatever</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="6.">6. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Tebarkan telur hingga merata ke seluruh permukaan hapa">Sprinkle the eggs until evenly distributed over the entire surface hapa</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="7.">7. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Biarkan telur menetas dalam 2-3 hari.">Let the eggs hatch in 2-3 days.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Penetasan telur sebaiknya dilakukan pada air yang mengalir untuk menjamin ketersediaan oksigen terlarut dan penggantian air yang kotor akibat pembusukan telur yang tidak terbuahi.">Hatching eggs should be done at the water that flows to ensure the availability of dissolved oxygen and replacement of dirty water caused by decaying eggs are not fertilized. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Peningkatan oksigen terlarut dapat pula diupayakan dengan pemberian aerasi.">Increased dissolved oxygen can also be pursued with the provision of aeration.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Telur lele sangkuriang menetas 30-36 jam setelah pembuahan pada suhu 22-25 0C.">Sangkuriang catfish eggs hatch 30-36 hours after fertilization at a temperature of 22-25 0C. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Larva lele yang baru menetas memiliki cadangan makanan berupa kantung telur (yolksack) yang akan diserap sebagai sumber makanan bagi larva sehingga tidak perlu diberi pakan.">Catfish newly hatched larvae have food reserves in the form of egg sacs (yolksack) which will be absorbed as a source of food for the larvae that do not need to be given feed. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Penetasan telur dan penyerapan yolksack akan lebih cepat terjadi pada suhu yang lebih tinggi.">Hatching eggs and absorption will be faster yolksack occur at higher temperatures.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pemeliharaan larva dilakukan dalam hapa penetasan.">Maintenance performed in larvae hatching hapa. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pakan dapat mulai diberikan setelah larva berumur 4-5 hari atau ketika larva sudah dapat berenang dan berwarna hitam.">Feeding can be started after 4-5 days old larvae or when the larvae are able to swim and black.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="III.">III. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="MANAJEMEN KESEHATAN DAN LINGKUNGAN">HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Kegiatan budidaya lele sangkuriang di tingkat pembenih/pembudidaya sering dihadapkan pada permasalahan timbulnya penyakit atau kematian ikan.">Sangkuriang catfish aquaculture activities at the level pembenih / farmers often faced with the onset of illness or death of fish. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pada kegiatan pembenihan, penyakit banyak ditimbulkan oleh adanya serangan organisme pathogen sedangkan pada kegiatan pembesaran, penyakit biasanya terjadi akibat buruknya penanganan kondisi lingkungan.">At the hatchery activities, many of diseases caused by the presence of pathogenic organisms attack while on the activities of enlargement, the disease usually occurs due to poor handling of environmental conditions.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Kegagalan pada kegiatan pembenihan ikan lele dapat diakibatkan oleh serangan organisme predator (hama) ataupun organisme pathogen (penyakit).">Failure on the activities of catfish hatchery can be caused by the organism attacks predator (pest) organisms or pathogens (disease). </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Organisme predator yang biasanya menyerang antara lain insekta, ular, atau belut.">Predator organisms that normally attack such as insects, snakes, or eel. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Serangan lebih banyak terjadi bila pendederan benih dilakukan di kolam tanah dengan menggunakan pupuk kandang.">The attack occurred when more seeds in the nursery pond soil using manure. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Sedangkan organisme pathogen yang lebih sering menyerang adalah Ichthiopthirius sp, Trichodina sp, Dacttylogyrus sp, dan Aeromonas hydrophyla.">While the pathogen organisms are more frequently attacked is Ichthiopthirius sp, Trichodina sp, sp Dacttylogyrus, and Aeromonas hydrophyla.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Penanggulangan hama insekta dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian insektisida yang direkomendasikan pada saat pengisian air sebelum benih ditanam.">Pest insects can be done by assigning a recommended insecticide at the time of filling the water before the seeds are planted. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Sedangkan penanggulangan belut dapat dilakukan dengan pembersihan pematang kolam dan pemasangan kolam di sekeliling kolam.">While countermeasures can be done with cleaning the eel pond and installation of pond bund around the pond.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Penanggulangan organisme pathogen dapat dilakukan dengan manajemen lingkungan budidaya yang baik dan pemberian pakan yang teratur dan mencukupi.">Countermeasures pathogen organisms can be done by cultivating a good environmental management and feeding of regular and sufficient. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Bila serangan sudah terjadi,benih harus dipanen untuk diobati.">If an attack has occurred, the seeds should be harvested to treat. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pengobatan dapat menggunakan obat-obatan yang direkomendasikan.">Treatment can use the recommended drugs.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Manajemen lingkungan dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan persiapan kolam dengan baik.">Environmental management can be done by making arrangements with a good pool. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pada kegiatan budidaya dengan menggunakan kolam dan tanah, persiapan kolam meliputi pengeringan, pembalikan tanah, perapihan pematang, pengapuran, pemupukan, pengairan dan pengkondisian tumbuhnya plankton sebagai sumber pakan.">In aquaculture using ponds and soil, pond preparation includes drying, a reversal of land, perapihan embankment, liming, fertilizing, watering and conditioning the growth of plankton as a food source. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pada kegiatan budidaya dengan menggunakan bak tembok atau bak plastik, persiapan kolam meliputi pengeringan, disinfeksi (bila diperlukan), pemupukan, pengairan dan pengkondisian tumbuhnya plankton sebagai sumber pakan.">In the culture using the tub wall or plastic tub, pond preparation includes drying, disinfection (if needed), fertilization, irrigation and conditioning the growth of plankton as a food source. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Perbaikan kondisi air kolam dapat pula dilakukan dengan penambahan probiotik.">Improvement of the pool water can also be done with the addition of probiotics.</span>Unknownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17877193240044731627noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502920490105778198.post-47113282117712791842012-01-10T17:08:00.001-08:002012-01-10T17:08:14.588-08:00ALTERNATIVE FEED FISH<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #18191a; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;"></span><br />
<div id="gt-res-wrap" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: whitesmoke; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #18191a; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: whitesmoke; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;">
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<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en" style="display: block; font-size: 16px; min-height: 93px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;"><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Method of manufacture is as follows: </span></span></div>
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<span class="" lang="en" style="display: block; font-size: 16px; min-height: 93px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;"><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Prepare onion sack the existing pores </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Enter into the onion sack Waste vegetables are easily available from traditional markets for free (just need the cost of transport in the form of gasoline or motor freight pickup. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Arrange a vacant flat on the sacks that had filled the waste vegetable masyur </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Prepare a boiling water that has mixed a fish tail or a tail squid, and pour over the medium bag evenly. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">The aim is invited to come visit the Green Flies and menikamti tasty dishes that we serve. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="">Usually while enjoying the dish, green flies will lay their eggs on the medium bag </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="">Sprinkle each day sack with water that has been mixed Prebiotics that is rapidly decaying vegetable waste. </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="">In 3 days have seen a fly larvae hatch and eat the rotting waste vagetable. </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="">Make a natural high-protein feed for fish.<br /></span></span></div>
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<span class="" lang="en" style="display: block; min-height: 93px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title=""><br /></span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en" style="display: block; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; min-height: 93px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;"><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Note: Please note the smell arising from this decay process because if the location of fish is close to the location of settlements feared to be the tone of protests from local people. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">However, if the location is far from the population then the process is very good for dilanjtkan because feed costs will be very cheap and big fast fish.<br /><br /><br /></span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en" style="display: block; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; min-height: 93px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;"><span style="color: #333333;" title="">cheap sell catfish seedlings jakarta </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">contact 08568119034 </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">http://bibit-ikanlele.blogspot.com/2011/07/jual-bibit-lele.html </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">WORKS BY: http://comunity-development.blogspot.com/<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Banana weevil is a pest that attacks the Banana Bar. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Affected banana stem this attack will have stem rot and will gradually fall / die. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">But from here we can take advantage when we can produce larvae that banana stems can be used as a rich Feeding Natural Protein for Fish Culture.<br /></span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Practical Ways of manufacture are: </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Collect the banana stems that are widely available around us. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Usually a lot of rotting banana stems are left after the fruit is harvested banana. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Cut banana stems in place with a chain saw to cut it because it's easier than using a Machete. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Arrange the banana trunk somewhere and rots. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">To speed up the decomposition using Prebotik containing microbial decomposers. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Many Prebiotic is proposing, just watch the brochure and see the benefits of content and microbial content.</span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Prebiotics flush that has been mixed with water every day like we are watering the flowers in the yard. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Banana stem the rot will invite banana stem weevil to lay their eggs on the banana stems. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Character is banana stem-perforated holes will be visible signs of beetle has been entered and put telur.Setelah a month, who have been rotting banana stem is inserted into an empty pool that has no water and has been given a prebiotic. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Usually after 2 weeks will look good banana weevil larvae are still small in size or which have large (adult). The shape of these larvae are white, soft, can be of little finger and there is a tail longer than its body. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">(As shown) </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Once the larvae are mature, can be given directly in the state alive as a natural high-protein fish food. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Protein larvae can be between 25% - 45% (Wikipedia: 2011).<br /></span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">There are 2 (two) ways of nature Larvae feed banana:<br /></span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Ponds that already contain the full banana stem larvae stocked fish and fish will feast </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Pick up banana stem in which many larvae into the fish pond. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">After the larvae look eaten, banana stems back into the pool is empty so that beetles can lay their eggs and the cycle repeats again from scratch.<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Many books on the cultivation of earthworms are readily available from bookstores such as Scholastic or Dawn Court. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">I just summarize the practical to put into practice easily.<br /></span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Things that need to be considered in the cultivation of earthworms are:<br /></span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Rack preparation Worms<br /></span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Shelves can be made from bamboo worms because it is more economical and sufficiently strong and resistant to temperature extremes such as heat and rain. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Form of a worm rack made vertikultur / terraced in order to optimize the land included in such a narrow area in the yard / back yard. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Rack should be protected from heat and rain because the worms are very sensitive to both. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Give your roof or a shade such as roofing shingles, roof sheeting or roof geribik bamboo matting. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Worms rack must also be protected from pests such as ants and worms Predator, Orong-Orong, rats, chickens, birds, etc.. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">How to create a wall around it and at each pole is made of the water column so that the ants can not rise to the rack worms.<br /></span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Earthworm Feeding<br /></span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Feeding earthworms are very easy and practical obtained as waste vegetable canker or fruit waste. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">It could also use rice bran, corn bran smooth, low-protein yield pellets. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Can also of household waste such as leftover rice, etc.. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Earthworms break down food equals the weight of body weight / day. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">That is, the 1kg seed meal worms will spend weighing 1kg also within 1x24 hours.<br /></span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Earthworm Benefits<br /></span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Very many of the benefits of earthworms. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Can the Fish Feed, Medicines, cosmetics, decomposing organic fertilizer, etc.. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">But in this case we are discussing the use of earthworms was limited to just natural food. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Please if earthworms are a lot if you want to resale as seed or as a feed. </span><span style="color: #333333;" title="">Pereda lipstick or hot solution in one product based earthworms. </span></span></div>
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</span>Unknownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17877193240044731627noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502920490105778198.post-8954832122162763122012-01-10T17:06:00.001-08:002012-01-10T17:06:54.946-08:00TSUNAMI IN JAPAN DUE TO A GIANT CATFISH FISH<span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">In the</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">myth of</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Japan as</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">the Giant</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Catfish</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">fishing</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">was</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">responsible</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">for the incident</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Tsunami</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">On</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Coastal</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Jepun.Ikan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">this</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">giant</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">catfish</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">called</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Namazu</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">causing</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Earthquake</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">And</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">live</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">in</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">mud</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">below</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">bumi.Ikan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">catfish</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">is said to</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">like</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">joking</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">and</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">should only be</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">conquered</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">by</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Kashima</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">a</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">god</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">protect the</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">nation</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">of</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Japan as</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">quake</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">bumi.Selama</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Kashima</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">save</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">a precious stone</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">with</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">magical power</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">of</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">catfish,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">the</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">earth</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">will</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">remain</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">selamat.Namun</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">if</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">custody</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">is rather</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">weak</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">, catfish</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">will</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">cause</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">earthquakes</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">After the</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Earthquake</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">mahadashyat</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">(One of</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">the Great</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Earthquake</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">of</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">3</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">applies</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">in 1855</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Near</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Tokyo</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps atn" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">(</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">formerly</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Edo</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Dewa</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Namazu</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">said by</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">the people of</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Japan as</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">a</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">yonaoshi</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Daimyojin</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">(God of</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Earth</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Healer</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">.</span><br style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><br style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><br style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><br style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">This earthquake</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">appears</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Catfish</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">In</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Lagenda</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">in</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Japan as</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">some</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">ancient paintings</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps atn" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">(</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">ukiyo</span><span class="atn" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">-</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">e</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">or</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">The</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Floating</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">World</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Images</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">In</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">this figure</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">illustrates</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">a wide variety of</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">scenes</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">myths</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">such as fish</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Catfish</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Namazu</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">forcing</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">the rich</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">to</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">give alms</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">to the people</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">miskin.Dan</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">image</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Namazu</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">catfish</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">angry with</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">those</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">who</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">were</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">rich people</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">with</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">resulting</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">earthquake</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">.</span>Unknownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17877193240044731627noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502920490105778198.post-89951240646529006962012-01-10T17:04:00.001-08:002012-01-10T17:04:52.846-08:00HOW ONE OF ACCELERATING GROWTH OF CATFISH<br />
<div id="gt-res-wrap" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #888888; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
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<span class="long_text" id="result_box" lang="en" style="color: #333333; display: block; font-size: 16px; min-height: 93px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;"><span title="MOL STARTER UNTUK KOMPOSTER">STARTER FOR MOL composter<br /></span><span title="Uraian singkat">A brief description</span><span title="Keong Mas (pomacea canaliculata) adalah siput sawah dengan warna cangkang keemasan kadang dianggap hama tetapi berprotein tinggi.">Keong Mas (pomacea canaliculata) is a snail shell fields with golden color sometimes considered pests but high in protein.</span><span title="Kandungan Gizi Keong, menurut Dr Ir Sulistiono, MSc, Ketua Departemen Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan (MSP), Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) (harian Pelita, Jum'at,13/4), kandungan gizi keong mas diketahui mengandung">Nutritional content of conch, according to Dr. Ir Sulistiono, MSc, Chairman of the Department of Water Resource Management (MSP), Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) (Daily Pelita, Friday, 13 / 4), nutrient content golden apple snail is known to contain </span><span title="asam omega 3, 6 dan 9.">acids omega 3, 6 and 9. </span><span title="Dari hasil uji proksimat, kandungan protein pada keong mas berkisar antara 16 hingga 50 persen.">From the test results of proximate, the golden apple snail protein content ranged from 16 to 50 percent.</span><span title="Selain banyak mengandung protein, hewan dari keluarga moluska ini juga kaya akan kalsium.">In addition to contain lots of protein, animals of this family of mollusks are also rich in calcium. </span><span title="Penggunaan keong mas untuk pakan itik terbukti mampu menaikkan hasil telur hingga 80 persen.">The use of golden apple snail to feed the ducks proved able to raise the eggs by 80 percent. </span><span title="Pemberian pakan sekitar 4,5 persen tepung keong mas pada peternakan sapi potong juga memberikan hasil pertumbuhan yang cukup baik dan tingkat keuntungan paling tinggi dibandingkan pemberian pakanlain.">Feeding about 4.5 percent of flour golden apple snail in breeding beef cattle also results in a fairly good growth and profitability high compared to most of pakanlain.</span><span title="Sebagai pakan ikan, penggantian kandungan tepung ikan menjadi tepung keong mas sebanyak 25 hingga 75 persen memberikan pengaruh cukup baik terhadap laju pertumbuhan harian individu, efisiensi pakan, retensi protein, dan retensi lemak.">As the fish feed, fish meal replacement content into flour golden apple snail as much as 25 to 75 percent is good enough to give the effect of individual daily growth rate, feed efficiency, protein retention and fat retention. </span><span title="Keong mas juga berperan sebagai pengendali keong lain jenis Bulinus sp dan Biophalaria sp yang merupakan inang perantara parasit trematoda yang menyebabkan penyakit gatal-gatal dan schistosomiasis yang telah menginfeksi lebih dari 200 juta penduduk tropis.">Golden apple snail also acts as a controller of other snail species Bulinus sp and sp Biophalaria which is the intermediate host trematode parasite that causes itching and schistosomiasis that has infected more than 200 million people in the tropics.</span><span title="Selain uraian di atas, keong mas yang selama ini dianggap hama yang merusak padi ternyata bisa di manfaatkan untuk mengkondisikan kolam ikan lele, terutama untuk kolam pembesaran.">In addition to the above description, the golden apple snail is considered a destructive pest of rice could actually be utilized to condition pond catfish, especially for rearing ponds.</span><span title="Adapun beberapa manfaat keongmas diantaranya:">As for some keongmas benefits include:</span><span title="• Untuk membuat mikroorganisme lokal starter">• To create a local starter microorganisms</span><span title="• Untuk campuran pakan buatan">• To a mixture of artificial feed</span><span title="Adapun manfa'at MOL nya adalah:">The manfa'at MOL is:</span><span title="Untuk mempercepat pengomposan pada media kolam ikan">To speed up the composting on the media pond fish</span><span title="Mempercepat tumbuhnya plankton dan memperbaiki kondisi air kolam sehingga kandungan oksigen terlarut lebih maksimal.">Accelerate the growth of plankton and improve the condition of the pool water so that the dissolved oxygen content more leverage.</span><span title="Beberapa bahan tambahan bisa di campurkan ke dalam MOL keongmas yaitu, NPK dari bahan tumbuh tumbuhan sperti batang pisan dan sabut kelapa dengan cara di fermentasi terlebih dahulu.">Some additional material can mix into the MOL keongmas ie, NPK plant materials grown from stem sperti linings and coconut fiber fermentation in a way in advance. </span><span title="Cara membuat fermentasi batang pisang dan sabut kelapa cukup mudah yaitu dengan cara di rendam selama satu minggu, setelah fermentasi selesai di lakukan maka larutan siap di gunakan untuk di campurkan pada air kolam.">How to make fermented banana stems and coconut fiber that is easy enough with the way in soak for one week, after fermentation is completed in doing so the solution is ready in use to mix the water in the pond.</span><span title="Manfaat fermentasi keongmas mengandung unsur-unsur mineral penting, lemak, protein, karbohidrat dan asam humat mampu menumbuhkan dan menyuburkan pakan alami yang berupa plankton dan jenis cacing-cacingan, menetralkan senyawa beracun dan menciptakan ekosistem kolam yang seimbang.">Benefits of fermentation keongmas contain elements of important minerals, fats, proteins, carbohydrates and humic acids are able to nurture and nourish natural food in the form of plankton and worm-type worms, neutralizes toxic compounds and creates a balanced pond ecosystem. </span><span title="Perlakuan air kolam dilakukan pada saat olah lahan dengan cara dilarutkan dan di siramkan pada permukaan tanah kolam/di campurkan pada waktu pemasukan air baru (kolam terpal) atau sekurang-kurangnya setiap 5 hari sekali.">Pool water treatment done at the time if the land by way dissolved and pour on the soil surface in the pool / in the mix at the time of entry of new water (pond sheeting) or at least every 5 days.</span></span></div>
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<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />Unknownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17877193240044731627noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502920490105778198.post-73581269689035952352012-01-10T17:03:00.000-08:002012-01-10T17:03:31.299-08:00CATFISH FISH HERBAL MEDICINE<span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Penyebab penyakit ikan golongan parasite">Class of disease-causing parasite of fish<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Penyakit ikan golongan parasit dibagi menjadi penyakit yang disebabkan oleh protozoa, helminthes (cacing), dan crustacea (udang-udangan).">Parasitic diseases are divided into groups of fish diseases caused by protozoa, helminthes (worms) and crustaceans (crustaceans). </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Parasit protozoa yang dilaporkan menyerang ikan air tawar antara lain meliputi Costia, Chilodonella, Trichodina, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Myxobolus dan Myxosoma cerebralis.">Parasitic protozoa that reportedly attacked a freshwater fish include Costia, Chilodonella, Trichodina, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, and Myxosoma Myxobolus cerebralis. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Penyakit yang disebabkan oleh parasit cacing dapat dibagi menjadi 3 (tiga) kelompok besar yaitu Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, dan Acanthocephala.">Diseases caused by parasitic worms can be divided into 3 (three) major groups of Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, and Acanthocephala. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Di Indonesia dikenal antara lain 2 genus dari kelas Trematoda yang banyak ditemukan menyerang ikan air tawar yaitu Dactylogyrus dan Gyrodactylus.">In Indonesia, among others, two known genus of trematode classes are a lot of freshwater fish found attacking namely Dactylogyrus and Gyrodactylus. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Walaupun masih ada jenis-jenis lain namun kedua jenis cacing tersebut di atas yang paling sering ditemukan pada ikan.">Although there are other types but both types of worms mentioned above are most commonly found in fish.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Penyebab penyakit ikan golongan jamur">The cause of fish disease fungus groups<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Beberapa jenis penyakit jamur yang termasuk berbahaya untuk ikan antara lain adalah Aphanomyces, Branchiomyces, dan Ichthyophonus.">Several types of fungal diseases which include harmful to fish include Aphanomyces, Branchiomyces, and Ichthyophonus. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Jamur yang paling sering ditemukan pada ikan air tawar adalah Saprolegnia sp.">Mushrooms are most commonly found in freshwater fish is Saprolegnia sp. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="dan Achlya sp.">and Achlya sp.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Penyebab penyakit ikan golongan bakteri">Groups of fish disease-causing bacteria<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Beberapa jenis penyebab penyakit ikan golongan bakteri yang sering menimbulkan kerugian dalam usaha budidaya ikan antara lain meliputi Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, Mycobacterium spp, Nocardia sp., Edwardsiella tarda, Edwardsiella ictaluri, Streptococcus spp., Pasteurella sp, Yersinia ruckeri, Pseudomonas sp.">Some types of fish disease-causing groups of bacteria that often causes losses in fish farming include Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, Mycobacterium spp, Nocardia sp., Edwardsiella tarda, Edwardsiella ictaluri, Streptococcus spp., Pasteurella sp, Yersinia ruckeri, Pseudomonas sp. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="dan Streptomyces sp.">and Streptomyces sp.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Penyebab penyakit ikan golongan virus">Groups of fish disease-causing virus<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Beberapa jenis virus diketahui dapat menyerang ikan-ikan budidaya dan menimbulkan permasalahan yang serius antara lain Channel Catfish Virus Disease (CCVD), Spring Viraemia of Carp (SVC), Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN), Lymphocystis Disease (LD), Infectious Hematophoietic Necrosis (">Some types of viruses are known to attack fish farming and raises serious problems, among others Channel Catfish Virus Disease (CCVD), Spring Viraemia of Carp (SVC), Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN), Lymphocystis Disease (LD), Infectious Hematophoietic Necrosis ( </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="IHN), Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) dan Koi Herpes Virus (KHV).">IHN), Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) and Koi Herpes Virus (KHV).<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="JUAL BIBIT LELE">Cart Contents CATFISH<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="08568119034">08568119034<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="HARGA BISA NEGO">PRICE CAN NEGO<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT IKAN">FISH DISEASE PREVENTION<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pada prinsipnya pencegahan dapat ditinjau berbagai pendekatan lingkungan, inang dan pathogen.">In principle, prevention can be reviewed various approaches environmental, host and pathogen.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pendekatan lingkungan dilakukan dengan menjaga kualitas air supaya tetap mendukung bagi kehidupan ikan, menjaga wadah budidaya tetap bersih dan sehat dan menghindari pengggantian air yang mendadak sehingga tidak menyebabkan ikan menjadi stress.">Approach to the environment done by keeping the water quality in order to continue to support fish life, keep the container clean and healthy cultivation and avoid sudden pengggantian water so it does not cause fish to become stressed. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Selain itu penggunaan probiotik/bioremediasi kini sudah banyak dilaksanakan.">In addition the use of probiotics / bioremediation now widely implemented.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pendekatan inang dilakukan dengan cara penanganan ikan yang baik/tidak kasar, sehingga tidak mengakibatkan ikan menjadi luka/lecet dan tidak stress, pengaturan kepadatan ikan yang disesuaikan dengan ukuran ikan dan daya dukung lahan, pemberian pakan yang tepat mutu (mengandung bahan nutrisi yang diperlukan oleh">Approach the host is done by a good fish handling / not rough, so it does not cause the fish into sores / blisters and do not stress, setting the density of fish that are tailored to the size of the fish and the carrying capacity of the land, feeding the right quality (containing nutrients that are needed by </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="ikan).">fish). </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pakan yang diberikan harus sesuai dengan ukuran bukaan mulut ikan (tepat ukuran).">Feed given should match the size of the fish's mouth opening (exact size). </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Selain itu pemberian pakan harus tepat waktu pemberian artinya kapan waktu yang tepat untuk memberi pakan.">Besides feeding should be timely provision of means when the right time to give feed. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Misalnya untuk ikan yang sifatnya nocturnal (misalnya ikan Lele) pakan porsi terbanyak sebaiknya diberikan pada waktu sore atau malam hari.">For example, for fish that are nocturnal (eg fish Catfish) the largest portion of feed should be given at the time of the afternoon or evening. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Sedangkan bagi ikan yang non-nocturnal maka pakan bisa diberikan pagi, siang dan sedikit pada waktu sore hari.">As for the non-nocturnal fish feed can then be given breakfast, lunch and a little in the afternoon. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Guna menjaga kesehatan ikan juga dapat dilakukan dengan menimbulkan kekebalan ikan.">In order to maintain healthy fish can also be done by causing immune fish. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Kekebalan pada ikan dapat dibedakan menjadi kekebalan yang specific (humoral) dan kekebalan non-specific (selular/cell-mediated immunity).">Immunity in fish can be differentiated into a specific immunity (humoral) and non-specific immunity (cellular / cell-mediated immunity). </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Kekebalan spesifik artinya kekebalan yang dibentuk hanya efektif untuk mencegah terhadap suatu patogen tertentu.">Specific immunity immunity means formed only effective way to prevent against a specific pathogen. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Misalnya pemberian vaksin anti Vibrio pada ikan maka kekebalan yang terbentuk hanya mampu untuk mencegah penyakit akibat infeksi bakteri Vibrio sp.">Eg, provision of vaccines against Vibrio in fish immune formed then only able to prevent diseases caused by bacterial infection of Vibrio sp. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Sedang kekebalan yang non-spesific adalah kekebalan yang dibentuk untuk sebagai anti dari berbagai infeksi.">Being a non-specific immunity is the immunity that was formed to be anti from various infections. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Kekebalan seperti ini biasa diproduksi dengan cara pemberian immunomodulator yaitu antara lain Vitamin C, Lypopolysaccharide (LPS), dan ?- glucan.">Such immunity could be produced by means of an immunomodulator which include Vitamin C, Lypopolysaccharide (LPS), and? - Glucan.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pendekatan patogen, pada prinsipnya kita menjaga supaya virulensi patogen tidak meningkat.">Pathogenic approach, in principle, we maintain that the virulence of the pathogen was not increased. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Virulensi patogen biasanya berkaitan erat dengan makin memburuknya lingkungan dan juga dengan derajat stres dari inangnya.">Virulence of the pathogen is usually closely related to the increasing deterioration of the environment and also with the degree of stress of its host. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Jadi supaya patogen tidak meningkat patogenitasnya kita harus menjaga agar kondisi lingkungan tidak semakin buruk dan menjaga agar inang tetap dalam keadaan kondisi yang prima.">So that the pathogen was not increased patogenitasnya we must keep the environmental conditions are not getting worse and keep the host remains in a state of excellent condition.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Kondisi lingkungan yang makin buruk akan memacu perkembangan patogen lebih meningkat.">Worsening environmental conditions that will spur the development of more pathogens increased.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pada intinya, mencegah penyakit dapat dilakukan melalui a).">In essence, prevent the disease can be done through a). </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Manajemen Budidaya secara menyeluruh, termasuk di dalamnya penerapan padat tebar yang disesuaikan dengan daya dukung lahan, melaksanakan b).">Raising the overall management, including application of dispersive solid-adjusted with the carrying capacity of land, carry out b). </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Manajemen lingkungan dan c).">Environmental management and c). </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Manajemen pakan.">Management of feed. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Manajemen lingkungan yang dimaksud adalah menjaga lingkungan perairan supaya selalu berada dalam kondisi yang kondusif bagi kehidupan ikan dan tidak banyak menimbulkan tekanan.">Environmental management are intended to keep the water environment is always in a condition conducive to the lives of many fish and not cause pressure. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pakan yang diberikan pada ikan harus tepat mutu, tepat jumlah, tepat waktu pemberian dan tepat ukuran.">Feed given to fish should be right quality, right quantity, timely delivery and appropriate size.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="PEMANFAATAN TANAMAN OBAT TRADISIONAL dalam pengendalian Penyakit Ikan">PLANT USE TRADITIONAL MEDICINES in the control of Fish Diseases<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Salah satu alternatif penanggulangan penyakit ikan air tawar yang aman adalah dengan menggunakan tanaman obat.">One alternative freshwater fish disease control is safe is to use medicinal plants. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Bahan obat lain yang relatif lebih aman untuk lingkungan dan efektif dalam mengobati penyakit ikan dapat menggunakan bermacam-macam tanaman obat tradisional.">Other ingredients are relatively safer for the environment and effective in treating diseases of fish may use a variety of traditional medicinal plants. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Indonesia sebagai negara tropis memiliki kekayaan tanaman yang berpotensi menjadi obat.">Indonesia as a tropical country has a wealth of medicinal plants that could potentially be. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Banyak jenis tanaman yang mengandung senyawa yang bersifat antimikroba.">Many types of plants that contain compounds that are antimicrobial. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Sejumlah tanaman mengandung senyawa bersifat bakterisidal (pembunuh bakteri), dan bakteristatik (penghambat pertumbuhan bakteri).">Some plants contain compounds are bactericidal (bacteria-killing), and bakteristatik (inhibitor of bacterial growth).<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Dari beberapa percobaan, fitofarmaka terbukti efektif mengatasi penyakit ikan air tawar dan memiliki beberapa keuntungan, seperti : Pertama, dapat menjadi bahan alami pengganti antibiotik untuk pengendali penyakit yang disebabkan bakteri.">From several experiments, fitofarmaka proven effective against diseases of freshwater fish and has several advantages, such as: First, it can be a natural ingredient for controlling antibiotic replacement diseases caused by bacteria. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Kedua, ramah terhadap lingkungan, mudah hancur/terurai, dan tidak menyebabkan residu pada ikan dan manusia.Ketiga, mudah diperoleh dan tersedia cukup banyak, keempat harganya ekonomis dan cukup murah.">Second, the friendly environment, easily broken / loose, and not cause residues in fish and manusia.Ketiga, easily accessible and quite a lot, the fourth the price economically and reasonably priced.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Fitofarmaka yang dapat dijadikan pengganti antibiotik untuk mengatasi penyakit ikan air tawar adalahbawang putih (Allium sativum), dan daun ketapang (Termmalia cattapa).">Phytopharmaca which can be used as a substitute for antibiotics to treat diseases of freshwater fish white adalahbawang (Allium sativum), and leaf ketapang (Termmalia cattapa). </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Hasil penelitian lainnya menginformasikan bahan lain yang dijadikan bahan antibiotik adalah daun sirih (Piper betle L), daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava L), jombang (Taraxacum officinale) dan daun sambiloto (Androgaphis paniculata).">Other research results inform other materials that antibiotics are used as ingredients of betel leaf (Piper betle L), leaves of guava (Psidium guajava L), jombang (Taraxacum officinale) and bitter leaf (Androgaphis paniculata). </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Daun sirih diketahui berdaya antioksidasi, antiseptik, bakterisida, dan fungisida.">Betel leaf known antioksidasi helpless, antiseptic, bactericide, and fungicide. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Tanaman sambiloto bersifat anti bakteri, sedangkan daun jambu biji selain bersifat anti bakteri juga bersifat anti viral.">Plants bitter anti-bacterial properties, while the addition of guava leaves also have anti-bacterial anti-viral.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="JUAL BIBIT IKAN LELE HARGA BISA NEGO">Cart Contents CATFISH FISH PRICE CAN NEGO</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="08568119034">08568119034<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Beberapa tanaman obat yang sudah ditelitI oleh peneliti dari BRKP DKP pada Tabel 1.">Some medicinal plants that have been studied by researchers from BRKP DKP in Table 1.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Tabel 1.">Table 1. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Tanaman obat dan manfaatnya">Medicinal plants and their benefits<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="No Jenis Tanaman Dosis Perlakuan Peruntukan/Khasiat">Types of Treatment Plant No. Appropriation Dose / Efficacy<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="1).">1). </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Meniran">Meniran<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="5000 mg/l">5000 mg / l</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Rendam (5 jam)">Soak (5 hours)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Anti.">Anti. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Aeromonas hydrophila">Aeromonas hydrophila<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="2).">2). </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Kipahit">Kipahit<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="10.000 mg/l">10,000 mg / l</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Rendam (3 jam)">Soak (3 hours)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Anti.">Anti. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Mycobacteriosis">Mycobacteriosis<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="3).">3). </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Daun Semboja">Leaves Semboja<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="600-700mg/l">600-700 mg / l</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Rendam">Soak</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Anti Aeromonas hydrophila">Anti Aeromonas hydrophila<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="4).">4). </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Sambiloto 200-300 mg/l">Sambiloto 200-300 mg / l<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Rendam (lama)">Soak the (old)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Anti Aeromonas hydrophila">Anti Aeromonas hydrophila</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="400 mg/l Rendam (lama) Meringankan KHV">400 mg / l Soak the (old) Relieve KHV<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang potensi ekstrak daun kipahit (Picrasma javanica) dalam penanggulangan penyakit “mycobacteriosis” pada ikan Gurame telah dilakukan di Laboratorium penyakit ikan Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar, Bogor.">Research with the aim to obtain information about potential kipahit leaf extract (Picrasma javanica) in the prevention of disease "mycobacteriosis" in fish have been conducted at the Laboratory Gurame fish disease Research Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bogor.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ekstrak daun kipahit secara invitro pada berbagai dosis diuji efektifitasnya terhadap bakteri Mycobacterium fortuitum.">Kipahit leaf extract in vitro at various doses tested its effectiveness against bacteria Mycobacterium fortuitum. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="LC50 bakteri Mycobacterium fortuitum dan toksisitas ektrak daun juga diuji terhadap ikan uji.">LC50 bacterium Mycobacterium fortuitum and toxicity of leaf extract was also tested on the test fish. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Kegunaan ekstrak daun juga diuji bagi pengobatan ikan Gurame yang telah diinfeksi oleh bakteri Mycobacterium fortuitum pada level 108 cfu/ml.">Usefulness of leaf extract was also tested for the treatment of Gurame fish that have been infected by the bacterium Mycobacterium fortuitum on a level of 108 cfu / ml. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun kipahit pada level konsentrasi 10.000 mg/l dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri uji, sedangkan perendaman ikan uji yang terinfeksi bakteri dengan dosis yang sama dengan lama perendaman 3 jam dapat digunakan untuk pengobatan penyakit Mycobacteriosis.">The results showed that the leaf extract at the level of concentration kipahit 10,000 mg / l can inhibit the growth of test bacteria, whereas immersion test fish infected with the same dose of bacteria by soaking 3 hours long can be used for the treatment of diseases Mycobacteriosis.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Penggunaan bahan-bahan alami digunakan untuk pengendalian jamur antara lain dapat menggunakan kunyit, bawang putih, daun sirih, daun pepaya dan brotowali.">The use of natural materials are used to control fungi, among others, can use turmeric, garlic, betel leaf, papaya leaf and brotowali. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Bahan-bahan ini dapat berguna untuk membasmi penyakit jamur yang menempel pada tubuh ikan, walaupun dalam membasmi suatu penyakit dengan menggunakan bahan-bahan alami memiliki waktu yang lama.">These materials can be useful to eradicate the fungus diseases that attach to the fish's body, although in combating a disease by using natural ingredients have a long time. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Kemudian dari ke-5 bahan-bahan alami yang dapat menyembuhkan penyakit jamur pada ikan yaitu bawang putih.">Then from the five natural ingredients that can cure a fungal disease in fish is garlic. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Sumber lain menyampaikan informasi adanya manfaat dari tanaman alami untuk obat seperti pada Tabel 2.">Other sources of information convey the benefits of natural plants for medicinal as in Table 2.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Tabel 2.">Table 2. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Tanaman obat dan manfaatnya">Medicinal plants and their benefits<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="No.">No. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Jenis Tanaman Dosis Peruntukan/Khasiat">Types of Appropriation Plant Dose / Efficacy<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="1.">1. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Bawang putih 25mg/l Obati serangan Aeromonas hydrophila pada ikan patin">Garlic 25mg / l Treat attacks Aeromonas hydrophila on catfish</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="2.">2. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Daun sirih 2gr/60ml Obati serangan Aeromonas hydrophila pada ikan lele">Treat the betel leaf 2gr/60ml Aeromonas hydrophila attack on catfish</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="3.">3. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Daun jambu biji 0,2gr/60ml Obati serangan Aeromonas hydrophila pada ikan lele">Guava leaves 0.2 gr/60ml Treat attacks Aeromonas hydrophila on catfish</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="4.">4. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Daun sambiloto 2gr/60ml Obati serangan Aeromonas hydrophila pada ikan lele">Treat the leaves of bitter attacks 2gr/60ml Aeromonas hydrophila on catfish</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="5.">5. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Daun jombang dan ketapang 60gr/l Obati serangan Aeromonas hydrophila pada ikan patin">Leaves jombang and ketapang 60gr / l Treat attacks Aeromonas hydrophila on catfish</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(Zainal Abidin, 2005)">(Zainal Abidin, 2005)<br /><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Daun Jombang.jpg">Leaves Jombang.jpg<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ketapang.jpg">Ketapang.jpg<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="PENUTUP">CLOSING</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Penggunaan tumbuhan obat tradisional dalam pencegahan dan pengobatan penyakit ikan memiliki kelebihan antara lain mudah diperoleh, murah, efektif untuk mencegah dan mengobati penyakit ikan, dan relatif aman bagi ikan, lingkungan, dan manusia yang mengonsumsinya (konsumer).">The use of traditional medicinal plants in the prevention and treatment of fish diseases has advantages such as easy to obtain, inexpensive, effective way to prevent and treat fish diseases, and relatively safe for the fish, the environment, and humans who eat them (consumers). </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Selain itu, kelebihan lainnya adalah tidak menimbulkan resistensi pada pathogen.">In addition, other advantages are not cause resistance to the pathogen.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Selamat Mencoba…..!!!!">Good luck ... ..!!!!<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Beberapa Tips lainnya yang saya kutip dari beberapa sumber dan pengalaman rekan-rekan yang saya rangkum disini.">Some other tips that I quoted from several sources and experiences of colleagues who I have outlined here. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Semoga bermanfaat.">May be useful.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Bawang putih">Garlic<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="fungsi : pencegahan atau pengobatan penyakit bakteri">functions: the prevention or treatment of bacterial diseases</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="dosis : 10-20 gr/ kg pakan">dose: 10-20 g / kg of feed</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="aplikasi : tumbuk bawang putih, campurkan ke dalam telur ayam yg sdh di kocok terlebih dahulu lalu dicampur dengan pakan atau pelet.">application: crushed garlic, mix in egg, shake chicken in sdh reply first and then mixed with feed or pellets. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="setelah dicampur rata, keringkan dgn pelet.">after mixed flat, dry it with pellets.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Kunyit">Turmeric<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="fungsi : pencegahan a/ pengobatan penyakit bakteri">function: a prevention / treatment of bacterial diseases</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="dosis : 2,5 gr perasan kunyit/liter air">dose: 2.5 g of turmeric juice / liter of water</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="aplikasi : - tumbuk/blender kunyit, peras, lalu tambah air">application: - mashed / blender turmeric, wring it out, then add water</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="- campurkan dalam pelet atau pakan.">- Mix in the pellets or feed.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ragi/Yeast">Yeast / Yeast<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="fungsi : pencegahan atau pengobatan penyakit bakteri">functions: the prevention or treatment of bacterial diseases</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="dosis : 0.1 - 1 % ragi roti dalam pakan">dose: 0.1 - 1% baker's yeast in feed</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="aplikasi : campurkan ke dalam telur ayam (sudah kocok) dan campur dgn pakan atau pele">application: mix in chicken eggs (already beaten) and mix with feed or pele<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Daun Sirih">Betel leaf<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="fungsi : pencegahan atau pengobatan penyakit bakteri, parasit (8,3ppt) dan anti jamur">functions: the prevention or treatment of bacterial diseases, parasites (8.3 ppt) and anti-fungal</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="dosis : 2 gr/60 ml air">dose: 2 ml of water gr/60</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="aplikasi : direbus dgn air,setelah dingin rendam ikan yg terkena penyakit">application: boiled with water, after a cold soak fish exposed to the disease who<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Daun pepaya">Papaya leaf<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="fungsi : pencegahan atau pengobatan penyakit bakteri">functions: the prevention or treatment of bacterial diseases</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="dosis : 2 gr/60 ml air">dose: 2 ml of water gr/60</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="aplikasi : diremas lalu campur dgn air, rendam ikan yg terkena penyakit selama 24 jam">application: crushed then mixed with water, soak fish exposed to the disease who for 24 hours<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Buah Mengkudu">Noni Fruit<br /><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Fungsi : pencegahan atau pengobatan penyakit bakteri">Function: prevention or treatment of bacterial diseases</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Dosis : 5 buah / 10mtr2 luas kolam">Dose: 5 pieces / 10mtr2 pond area</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Aplikasi : Buah Mengkudu diiris kecil-kecil, direndam dalam air probiotik 1 x 24 jam">Applications: Noni fruit sliced into small pieces, soaked in water probiotic 1 x 24 hours</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ditebarkan ke kolam secara merata beserta air rendamannya.">Evenly spread out into pools of water along rendamannya.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Buah Mahkota Dewa">Mahkota Dewa fruit<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Fungsi : pencegahan atau pengobatan penyakit bakteri">Function: prevention or treatment of bacterial diseases</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Dosis : 5 buah/ 10mtr2 luas kolam">Dose: 5 pieces / 10mtr2 pond area</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Aplikasi : Kupas kulit buah mahkota dewa, jemur sampai kering.">Application: Peel the skin of the fruit crown the god, the sun to dry. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Rendam daun mahkota dewa yg kering dalam probiotik 1 x 24 jam dan tebarkan secara merata ke kolam beserta air rendamannya.">Soak the dried leaves of the crown of the god who in the probiotic 1 x 24 hours and scatter evenly into the pool with water rendamannya.<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="note:">note:<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="aplikasi herbal dilakukan secara terus menerus dengan selang waktu 1 minggu">application of herbal performed continuously with an interval of 1 week</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="(1 minggu penggunaan dan 1 minggu tidak)">(1 week and 1 week of no use)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="sebaiknya penggunaan obat herbal tidak hanya 1 jenis tetapi kombinasi dari bbrp jenis herbal.">better use of herbal medicines is not only a type but a combination of herbs bbrp.<br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Saat ini kian banyak yang sadar akan kegunaan obat-obatan alami atau herbal untuk mengatasi penyakit pada ikan lele.">It is now increasingly aware of the usefulness of natural remedies or herbs to address the disease in catfish. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Hal ini seiring dengan semakin banyaknya temuan penelitian yang mengungkap khasiat sejumlah tanaman dan bumbu dapur untuk memperbaiki kondisi kesehatan lele.">This is in line with a growing number of research findings that reveal the efficacy of a number of plants and herbs to improve health conditions for catfish. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Bahan-bahan yang sudah teruji diantaranya adalah bawang putih, mengkudu, temulawak, kunyit, meniran, ragi, daun sirih, dun sambiloto, daun pepaya, daun jambu biji, daun paci-paci, segala pahit-pahitan, dan masih banyak lainnya.">The materials tested include garlic, noni, ginger, turmeric, meniran, yeast, betel leaves, dun bitter, papaya, guava leaves, leaf-paci paci, all-pahitan bitter, and many others.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Menambah Nafsu Makan Pada Lele">Adding Your Appetite In Catfish<br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="jangan remeh kan temulawak yang bisanya kita tidak sadar/tidak tahu itu namanya.">Do not underestimate her ginger that usually we are not aware / not aware of that name.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="tanpa kita sadari bahwa temulawak bisa lho buat menambah nafsu makan ikan lele.">without us knowing that you know ginger can increase appetite for catfish. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="ni buat yang punya lele tidak semangat makanya ini obatnya.">ni had catfish for the spirit of why this is not a cure.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="untuk menambah nafsu makan ikan lele metode herbal.">to increase appetite catfish herbal methods. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="di campur dengan pakan.">mixed with feed. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="0.2 : 0,25 : 1 kg gram:">0.2: 0.25: 1 kg gram:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="0.2 kg temulawak, (curcuma) "bahasa latinya"">0.2 kg of turmeric (curcuma) "language latinya"</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="0,25 kg air (di usahakan air hangat) karna dengan keadaan hangat sari temulawak akan terangkat secara maksimal)">0.25 kg of water (warm water in the try) because the state of juice of ginger will warm up to the maximum)</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="1 kg pakan / pelet.">1 kg of feed / pellets.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="pembuatan :">manufacture of:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="1.">1. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="parut temulawak">grated ginger</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="2.">2. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="campur dengan air hangat 0.25">00:25 mix with warm water</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="3.">3. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="peras dan saring parutan temulawak tadi">squeeze and strain the grated ginger last</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="4.">4. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="campurkan air perasan temulawak tadi dengan pelet sebanyak 1 kg.">mix the juice with ginger was as much as 1 kg of pellets.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="5.">5. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="diamkan selama 10 menit.">let stand for 10 minutes.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="nb.">nb. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="setelah di camput jangang lebih dari 8 jam.">after the camput jangang more than 8 hours.</span>Unknownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17877193240044731627noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502920490105778198.post-32316084467630683042012-01-10T17:00:00.001-08:002012-01-10T17:00:45.552-08:00FUNCTION OF SALT FISH<span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Garam Ikan">Salt Fish<br /><br /><br /></span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="GARAM IKAN - Fungsi dan Kegunaannya">SALT FISH - Functions and its Use</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Benda berupa kristal berwarna putih ini sudah sangat lama dikenal oleh para akuaris.">Objects in the form of white crystals have been very long known by the akuaris. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Keberadaannya bukan merupakan hal yang asing, bahkan boleh dikatakan kehadiran benda ini seolah sudah menjadi bagian terintegrasi dengan hobi ikan hias.">Its existence is not a strange thing, arguably even though the presence of these objects has become an integrated part of the ornamental fish hobby. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Garam yang dimaksud adalah garam NaCl, yaitu garam seperti yang kita kenal pada umumnya sebagai garam dapur dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.">Salt is salt is NaCl, the salt as we know in general as a salt in everyday life. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Rupa dan rasanya sama.">Arts and tasted the same. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Perbedaan utama antara garam ikan dengan garam dapur atau garam meja adalah pada kemurniannya.">The main difference between the salt fish with salt or table salt is in its purity. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Garam ikan diharapkan hanya mengandung NaCl saja, karena kehadiran bahan lain pada garam ini dikhawatirkan akan mempunyai dampak yang tidak diinginkan pada ikan yang bersangkutan.">Salt fish is expected to contain only NaCl alone, because the presence of other materials on this salt is feared to have undesirable effects on the fish in question. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Sedangkan garam dapur sering telah mengalami pengkayaan dengan berbagai bahan lain yang diperlukan oleh manusia, seperti Iodium, atau bahan lainnya.">While salt has undergone frequent enrichment with various other materials needed by humans, such as iodine, or other materials.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Oleh karena itu sering kali secara umum disebutkan bahwa garam yang digunakan untuk ikan adalah garam tidak beriodium.">Therefore, in general often mentioned that the salt used for fish is not iodized salt. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Iodium sendiri tentu saja diperlukan oleh ikan, akan tetapi kehadiran bahan lain yang tidak diketahui dengan pastilah yang menimbulkan kekhawatiran akan menyebabkan dampak yang tidak diinginkan.">Iodine itself of course is needed by fish, but the presence of other materials that are not known with certainly a cause for concern will cause unwanted effects. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Apabila tidak terlalu mendesak maka penggunaan garam yang memang sudah dikhususkan untuk ikan akan lebih aman.">If not urgent then the use of salt that had been devoted to the fish will be safer. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Meskipun demikian banyak dilaporkan bahwa penggunaan garam beriodiumpun tidak menyebabkan dampak merugikan pada ikan-ikan yang diberi perlakuan tersebut.">Despite this widely reported that the use of salt beriodiumpun not cause adverse impacts on fish that were given such treatment.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Fungsi Garam">The function of salt</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ikan , dalam hal ini ikan air tawar, di dalam air ibarat sekantung garam.">Fish, in this case freshwater fish, in the water like a sack of salt. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Ikan harus selalu menjaga dirinya agar garam tersebut tidak melarut, atau lolos kedalam air.">Fish should always keep himself so that the salt is dissolved, or slipped into the water. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Apabila hal ini terjadi maka ikan yang bersangkutan akan mengalami masalah.">When this happens the fish in question will have problems. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Secara umum kulit ikan merupakan lapisan kedap, sehingga garam didalam tubuhya tidak mudah “bocor” kedalam air.">In general, fish skin is a layer of impermeable, so the salt in tubuhya not easily "leak" into the water. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Satu-satunya bagian ikan yang berinteraksi dengan air adalah insang.">The only part that interacts with the water the fish are gills.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Air secara terus menerus masuk kedalam tubuh ikan melalui insang.">Water is continuously enter the body through the gills of fish. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Proses ini secara pasif berlangsung melalui suatu proses osmosis yaitu, terjadi sebagai akibat dari kadar garam dalam tubuh ikan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan lingkungannya.">This process is passively take place through a process of osmosis that is, occurs as a result of the body's salt levels in fish higher than the surroundings. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Sebaliknya garam akan cenderung keluar.">Instead of salt will tend to come out. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Dalam keadaan normal proses ini berlangsung secara seimbang.">Under normal circumstances this process takes place in a balanced way. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Peristiwa pengaturan proses osmosis dalam tubuh ikan ini dikenal dengan sebutan osmoregulasi.">Event setting process of osmosis in the body of this fish is known as osmoregulation. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Tujuan utama osmoregulasi adalah untuk mengontrol konsentrasi larutan dalam tubuh ikan.">Osmoregulation main purpose is to control the solution concentration in the body of the fish. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Apabila ikan tidak mampu mengontrol proses osmosis yang terjadi, ikan yang bersangkutan akan mati., karena akan terjadi ketidak seimbangan konsentrasi larutan tubuh, yang akan berada diluar batas toleransinya.">If the fish are not able to control the process of osmosis that happens, the fish in question will die., Because it will happen imbalance solution concentration of the body, which would be outside the tolerance limits.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pada saat ikan sakit, luka, atau stress proses osmosis akan terganggu sehingga air akan lebih banyak masuk kedalam tubuh ikan, dan garam lebih banyak keluar dari tubuh, akibatnya beban kerja ginjal ikan untuk memompa air keluar dari dalam tubuhnya meningkat.">At the time of fish illness, injury, or stress osmosis process will be disrupted so that water will enter the body more fish, and more salt out of the body, consequently the workload of the kidneys of fish to pump water out of the body increases. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Bila hal ini terus berlangsung, bisa sampai menyebabkan ginjal menjadi rusak (gagal ginjal) sehingga ikan tersebut tewas.">If this continues, it could be damaged to cause kidney (renal failure) so that the fish are killed. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Selain itu, hal ini juga akan diperparah oleh luka dan atau penyakitnya itu sendiri.">In addition, this will also aggravated by injury or disease itself. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Dalam keadaan normal ikan mampu memompa keluar air kurang lebih 1/3 dari berat total tubuhnya setiap hari.">Under normal circumstances capable of pumping out water fish approximately 1 / 3 of total body weight every day. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Penambahan garam kedalam air diharapkan dapat membantu menjaga ketidak seimbangan ini, sehingga ikan dapat tetap bertahan hidup dan mempunyai kesempatan untuk memulihkan dirinya dari luka, atau penyakitnya.">The addition of salt to the water is expected to help maintain this imbalance, so the fish can still survive and have a chance to recover himself from injury, or illness. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Tentu saja dosisnya harus diatur sedemikan rupa sehingga kadar garamnya tidak lebih tinggi dari pada kadar garam dalam darah ikan.">Of course, the dosage should be regulated in such a way that the salt levels no higher than the levels of salt in the blood of fish. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Apabila kadar garam dalam air lebih tinggi dari kadar garam darah, efek sebaliknya akan terjadi, air akan keluar dari tubuh ikan, dan garam masuk kedalam darah, akibatnya ikan menjadi terdehidrasi dan akhirnya mati.">If the levels of salt in water salinity is higher than the blood, the opposite effect will occur, the water will come out of the fish, and salt into the blood, resulting in fish become dehydrated and eventually die.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pada kadar yang tinggi garam sendiri dapat berfungsi untuk mematikan penyakit terutama yang diakibatkan oleh jamur dan bakteri.">At high levels of salt itself can serve to deadly diseases especially those caused by fungi and bacteria. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Meskipun demikian lama pemberiannya harus diperhatikan dengan seksama agar jangan sampai ikan mengalami dehidrasi.">However long the gift must be considered carefully in order not to become dehydrated fish.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Beberapa Keunggulan Garam Ikan">Some Advantages of Salt Fish</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pemberian garam termasuk aman bagi ikan, asal diberikan dengan dosis yang sesuai.">Including the safe provision of salt for the fish, the origin is given by the appropriate dose.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Selain itu juga aman bagi manusia.">It is also safe for humans.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Seperti disebutkan sebelumnya, garam akan membantu menyeimbangkan kembali proses osmoregulasi dan memicu daya tahan tubuh ikan terhadap penyakit yang dideritanya.">As mentioned earlier, the salt will help rebalance the osmoregulation process and trigger the immune system of fish to disease.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Sampai tahap tertentu diketahui garam mampu memblokir efek nitrit.">To a certain extent able to block the effects of known nitrite salt. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Nitrit dalam air dapat terserap kedalam system peredaran darah ikan, sehingga darah berubah menjadi kecoklatan.">Nitrite in water can be absorbed into the circulatory system of fish, allowing blood to be brown. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Kehadiran nitrit akan menyebabkan kemampuannya untuk membawa oksigen menjadi menurun, sehingga pada kondisi kelebihan nitrit sering terjadi “penyakit darah coklat”.">The presence of nitrite will cause its ability to carry oxygen is lowered, so that in conditions of excess nitrite frequent "brown blood disease". </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Dengan adanya garam kejadian demikian bisa dihindari.">With the presence of salts such incidents can be avoided.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Garam mampu membunuh parasit-parasit bersel tunggal seperti Ich (white spot), jamur dan bakteri lainnya.">Salt can kill single-celled parasites such as Ich (white spot), fungi and other bacteria.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Terakhir garam mudah didapat dan mudah dibeli, sehingga bisa tersedia setiap saat pada waktu diperlukan.">Finally the salt readily available and easily purchased, so that could be available any time on the time required.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Dosis dan Cara Pemberian">Dosage and Administration</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Garam sudah lama digunakan sebagai antiseptik pada akuarium, selain itu juga kerap digunakan sebagai anti jamur (fungisida).">Salt has long been used as an antiseptic in the aquarium, but it is also often used as an anti-fungal (fungicide). </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Meskipun demikian akhir-akhir ini penggunaan garam sebagai fungisida relatif jarang dilakukan karena banyaknya anti jamur lain yang telah dibuat khusus untuk ikan.">However lately the use of salt as a fungicide is relatively rare because of the many other antifungal that has been created specifically for fish.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Beberapa dosis penggunaan garam adalah:">Several doses of salt usage is:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Sebagai profilaktik:">As a prophylactic:</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Sebagai profilaktik, atau sebagai tonik, atau dalam bahasa umum sebagai “jamu” dianjurkan untuk menggunakan garam sebanyak 1 – 2 sendok teh garam per 4 liter air, atau sebanyak 1 – 2 gram per liter.">As a prophylactic, or as a tonic, or in common language as the "herb" is recommended to use salt as much as 1-2 teaspoons of salt per 4 liters of water, or as much as 1-2 grams per liter. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Atau dengan kata lain sebanyak 0.1 – 0.2 persen.">Or in other words as much as 0.1 - 0.2 percent. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Sebelumnya garam disiapkan di suatu wadah.">Salt previously prepared in a container. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Kemudian dibuat larutan dalam wadah tersebut sesuai dengan dosis.">Then made solution in the container in accordance with the dose. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Setelah garam melarut baru dimasukan kedalam akuarium.">After the salt dissolves incorporated into the new aquarium. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Dosis sebagai “jamu” ini digunakan apabila kita belum tahu persis penyakit apa yang sebenarnya menjangkiti ikan, atau bisa juga digunakan apabila ikan terluka, stress dan sejenisnya.">Dose as a "herb" is used when we do not yet know exactly what the actual disease affects fish, or fish can also be used when injured, stress and the like. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Dengan demikian sistem osmoregulasi ikan tetap prima sehingga ikan mudah melakukan pemulihan.">Thus the fish osmoregulation system still excellent, so fish is easy to recover.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Sebagai perlakuan pengobatan infeksi jamur dan atau bakteri">As a treatment or treatment of fungal and bacterial</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Untuk keperluan ini diperlukan larutan garam dengan konsentrasi 1 %, atau larutan 10 g garam dan 1 liter air.">For this purpose required a saline solution with a concentration of 1%, or a solution of 10 g of salt and 1 quart of water. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pemberian larutan ini hendaknya diberikan secara sedikit demi sedikit sehingga konsentrasi tersebut akan tercapai setelah 24 – 48 jam.">Provision of this solution should be given little by little so that the concentration will be achieved after 24-48 hours. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Jadi jangan diberikan sekaligus sebanyak 1 %, tapi diberikan secara perlahan-lahan.">So do not be given at once as much as 1%, but given slowly. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Hal ini dilakukan untuk menghindari terjadinya kejutan osmotic, atau stress pada ikan yang bersangkutan.">This is done to avoid the occurrence of osmotic shock, or stress on the fish in question.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pada awalnya konsentrasi larutan dapat dimulai pada tingkat 0.1 – 0.2 %.">At first the concentration of the solution can be initiated at the level of 0.1 - 0.2%. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Kemudian secara teratur garam ditambahkan pada selang waktu tertentu, misalnya setiap 3-4 jam sekali.">Then salt is added at regular intervals, eg every 3-4 hours. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Apabila pada saat peningkatan konsentrasi garam ini ikan mengalami stress, hentikan segera perlakuan, kemudian ganti air sebagian sehingga konsentrasi garam turun ketingkat semula.">If at the time of this increased concentration of salt fish experience stress, stop treatment immediately, then replace the water in part so that the salt concentration down to the level of the original.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Untuk mengurangi pengaruh racun dari nitrit.">To reduce the toxic effects of nitrite.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Untuk mengurangi pengaruh nitrit dosis yang dianjurkan adalah 1 gram perliter air.">To reduce the influence of nitrite recommended dose is 1 gram per liter of water.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Untuk melepaskan lintah pada ikan">To remove the leeches on fish</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Dapat dilakukan dengan merendam ikan yang bersangkutan secara singkat dalam larutan garam 2.5 %.">Can be done by soaking the fish in question briefly in 2.5% saline solution. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Perendaman pada dosis demikian akan menyebabkan lintah melepaskan diri dari tubuh ikan.">Immersion in such doses would cause the leech to break away from the fish's body. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Meskipun demikian larutan ini tidak akan membunuh lintah itu sendiri.">However this solution will not kill the leech itself.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Sebagai obat infeksi Piscinoodinium (Velvet).">As drug Piscinoodinium infection (Velvet).</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Pengobatan terhadap infeksi Piscinoodinium dapat dilakukan dengan perendaman jangka panjang dalam larutan garam dengan konsentrasi 10 gram per 45 liter air.">Treatment of infections Piscinoodinium can be done with long-term immersion in a saline solution with a concentration of 10 grams per 45 liters of water. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Atau 1 sendok teh per 4 liter air.">Or 1 teaspoon per 4 liters of water.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Perhitungan">Calculation</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Untuk memberikan perlakuan garam yang tepat pertama kali harus diketahui volume air dari akuarium yang akan diberi perlakuan.">To provide a proper salt treatment must first be known volume of water from the aquarium that will be given treatment. </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Sebagai contoh apabila anda mempunyai akuarium dengan ukuran 100 cm x 50 cm x 50 cm tapi diisi air setinggai 40 cm saja, maka volume airnya adalah 100 x 50 x 40 cm3 = 2.000.000 cm3 atau sama dengan 200 liter air atau sama dengan 200 kg">For example, if you have an aquarium with a size 100 cm x 50 cm x 50 cm but setinggai 40 cm filled with water only, then the volume of water is 100 x 50 x 40 cm 3 = 2,000,000 cm3 or equal to 200 liters of water or equal to 200 kg </span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title=".">.</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" title="Apabila dosis garam yang diperlukan adalah 1 % maka garam yang diperlukan adalah 2kg.">If the salt dosage required is 1% then the required salt is 2kg.</span>Unknownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17877193240044731627noreply@blogger.com0