Selasa, 10 Januari 2012

CATFISH FISH HERBAL MEDICINE

Class of disease-causing parasite of fish
Parasitic diseases are divided into groups of fish diseases caused by protozoa, helminthes (worms) and crustaceans (crustaceans). Parasitic protozoa that reportedly attacked a freshwater fish include Costia, Chilodonella, Trichodina, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, and Myxosoma Myxobolus cerebralis. Diseases caused by parasitic worms can be divided into 3 (three) major groups of Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, and Acanthocephala. In Indonesia, among others, two known genus of trematode classes are a lot of freshwater fish found attacking namely Dactylogyrus and Gyrodactylus. Although there are other types but both types of worms mentioned above are most commonly found in fish.
The cause of fish disease fungus groups
Several types of fungal diseases which include harmful to fish include Aphanomyces, Branchiomyces, and Ichthyophonus. Mushrooms are most commonly found in freshwater fish is Saprolegnia sp. and Achlya sp.
Groups of fish disease-causing bacteria
Some types of fish disease-causing groups of bacteria that often causes losses in fish farming include Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, Mycobacterium spp, Nocardia sp., Edwardsiella tarda, Edwardsiella ictaluri, Streptococcus spp., Pasteurella sp, Yersinia ruckeri, Pseudomonas sp. and Streptomyces sp.
Groups of fish disease-causing virus
Some types of viruses are known to attack fish farming and raises serious problems, among others Channel Catfish Virus Disease (CCVD), Spring Viraemia of Carp (SVC), Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN), Lymphocystis Disease (LD), Infectious Hematophoietic Necrosis ( IHN), Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) and Koi Herpes Virus (KHV).
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FISH DISEASE PREVENTION
In principle, prevention can be reviewed various approaches environmental, host and pathogen.
Approach to the environment done by keeping the water quality in order to continue to support fish life, keep the container clean and healthy cultivation and avoid sudden pengggantian water so it does not cause fish to become stressed. In addition the use of probiotics / bioremediation now widely implemented.
Approach the host is done by a good fish handling / not rough, so it does not cause the fish into sores / blisters and do not stress, setting the density of fish that are tailored to the size of the fish and the carrying capacity of the land, feeding the right quality (containing nutrients that are needed by fish). Feed given should match the size of the fish's mouth opening (exact size). Besides feeding should be timely provision of means when the right time to give feed. For example, for fish that are nocturnal (eg fish Catfish) the largest portion of feed should be given at the time of the afternoon or evening. As for the non-nocturnal fish feed can then be given breakfast, lunch and a little in the afternoon. In order to maintain healthy fish can also be done by causing immune fish. Immunity in fish can be differentiated into a specific immunity (humoral) and non-specific immunity (cellular / cell-mediated immunity). Specific immunity immunity means formed only effective way to prevent against a specific pathogen. Eg, provision of vaccines against Vibrio in fish immune formed then only able to prevent diseases caused by bacterial infection of Vibrio sp. Being a non-specific immunity is the immunity that was formed to be anti from various infections. Such immunity could be produced by means of an immunomodulator which include Vitamin C, Lypopolysaccharide (LPS), and? - Glucan.
Pathogenic approach, in principle, we maintain that the virulence of the pathogen was not increased. Virulence of the pathogen is usually closely related to the increasing deterioration of the environment and also with the degree of stress of its host. So that the pathogen was not increased patogenitasnya we must keep the environmental conditions are not getting worse and keep the host remains in a state of excellent condition.Worsening environmental conditions that will spur the development of more pathogens increased.
In essence, prevent the disease can be done through a). Raising the overall management, including application of dispersive solid-adjusted with the carrying capacity of land, carry out b). Environmental management and c). Management of feed. Environmental management are intended to keep the water environment is always in a condition conducive to the lives of many fish and not cause pressure. Feed given to fish should be right quality, right quantity, timely delivery and appropriate size.
PLANT USE TRADITIONAL MEDICINES in the control of Fish Diseases
One alternative freshwater fish disease control is safe is to use medicinal plants. Other ingredients are relatively safer for the environment and effective in treating diseases of fish may use a variety of traditional medicinal plants. Indonesia as a tropical country has a wealth of medicinal plants that could potentially be. Many types of plants that contain compounds that are antimicrobial. Some plants contain compounds are bactericidal (bacteria-killing), and bakteristatik (inhibitor of bacterial growth).
From several experiments, fitofarmaka proven effective against diseases of freshwater fish and has several advantages, such as: First, it can be a natural ingredient for controlling antibiotic replacement diseases caused by bacteria. Second, the friendly environment, easily broken / loose, and not cause residues in fish and manusia.Ketiga, easily accessible and quite a lot, the fourth the price economically and reasonably priced.
Phytopharmaca which can be used as a substitute for antibiotics to treat diseases of freshwater fish white adalahbawang (Allium sativum), and leaf ketapang (Termmalia cattapa). Other research results inform other materials that antibiotics are used as ingredients of betel leaf (Piper betle L), leaves of guava (Psidium guajava L), jombang (Taraxacum officinale) and bitter leaf (Androgaphis paniculata). Betel leaf known antioksidasi helpless, antiseptic, bactericide, and fungicide. Plants bitter anti-bacterial properties, while the addition of guava leaves also have anti-bacterial anti-viral.
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Some medicinal plants that have been studied by researchers from BRKP DKP in Table 1.
Table 1. Medicinal plants and their benefits
Types of Treatment Plant No. Appropriation Dose / Efficacy
1). Meniran




5000 mg / lSoak (5 hours)Anti. Aeromonas hydrophila
2). Kipahit




10,000 mg / lSoak (3 hours)Anti. Mycobacteriosis
3). Leaves Semboja




600-700 mg / lSoakAnti Aeromonas hydrophila
4). Sambiloto 200-300 mg / l




Soak the (old)Anti Aeromonas hydrophila400 mg / l Soak the (old) Relieve KHV
Research with the aim to obtain information about potential kipahit leaf extract (Picrasma javanica) in the prevention of disease "mycobacteriosis" in fish have been conducted at the Laboratory Gurame fish disease Research Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bogor.Kipahit leaf extract in vitro at various doses tested its effectiveness against bacteria Mycobacterium fortuitum. LC50 bacterium Mycobacterium fortuitum and toxicity of leaf extract was also tested on the test fish. Usefulness of leaf extract was also tested for the treatment of Gurame fish that have been infected by the bacterium Mycobacterium fortuitum on a level of 108 cfu / ml. The results showed that the leaf extract at the level of concentration kipahit 10,000 mg / l can inhibit the growth of test bacteria, whereas immersion test fish infected with the same dose of bacteria by soaking 3 hours long can be used for the treatment of diseases Mycobacteriosis.
The use of natural materials are used to control fungi, among others, can use turmeric, garlic, betel leaf, papaya leaf and brotowali. These materials can be useful to eradicate the fungus diseases that attach to the fish's body, although in combating a disease by using natural ingredients have a long time. Then from the five natural ingredients that can cure a fungal disease in fish is garlic. Other sources of information convey the benefits of natural plants for medicinal as in Table 2.
Table 2. Medicinal plants and their benefits
No. Types of Appropriation Plant Dose / Efficacy
1. Garlic 25mg / l Treat attacks Aeromonas hydrophila on catfish2. Treat the betel leaf 2gr/60ml Aeromonas hydrophila attack on catfish3. Guava leaves 0.2 gr/60ml Treat attacks Aeromonas hydrophila on catfish4. Treat the leaves of bitter attacks 2gr/60ml Aeromonas hydrophila on catfish5. Leaves jombang and ketapang 60gr / l Treat attacks Aeromonas hydrophila on catfish(Zainal Abidin, 2005)


Leaves Jombang.jpg
Ketapang.jpg




CLOSINGThe use of traditional medicinal plants in the prevention and treatment of fish diseases has advantages such as easy to obtain, inexpensive, effective way to prevent and treat fish diseases, and relatively safe for the fish, the environment, and humans who eat them (consumers). In addition, other advantages are not cause resistance to the pathogen.
Good luck ... ..!!!!

Some other tips that I quoted from several sources and experiences of colleagues who I have outlined here. May be useful.

Garlic
functions: the prevention or treatment of bacterial diseasesdose: 10-20 g / kg of feedapplication: crushed garlic, mix in egg, shake chicken in sdh reply first and then mixed with feed or pellets. after mixed flat, dry it with pellets.
Turmeric








function: a prevention / treatment of bacterial diseasesdose: 2.5 g of turmeric juice / liter of waterapplication: - mashed / blender turmeric, wring it out, then add water- Mix in the pellets or feed.
Yeast / Yeast




functions: the prevention or treatment of bacterial diseasesdose: 0.1 - 1% baker's yeast in feedapplication: mix in chicken eggs (already beaten) and mix with feed or pele
Betel leaf




functions: the prevention or treatment of bacterial diseases, parasites (8.3 ppt) and anti-fungaldose: 2 ml of water gr/60application: boiled with water, after a cold soak fish exposed to the disease who
Papaya leaf




functions: the prevention or treatment of bacterial diseasesdose: 2 ml of water gr/60application: crushed then mixed with water, soak fish exposed to the disease who for 24 hours
Noni Fruit


Function: prevention or treatment of bacterial diseasesDose: 5 pieces / 10mtr2 pond areaApplications: Noni fruit sliced ​​into small pieces, soaked in water probiotic 1 x 24 hoursEvenly spread out into pools of water along rendamannya.
Mahkota Dewa fruit




Function: prevention or treatment of bacterial diseasesDose: 5 pieces / 10mtr2 pond areaApplication: Peel the skin of the fruit crown the god, the sun to dry. Soak the dried leaves of the crown of the god who in the probiotic 1 x 24 hours and scatter evenly into the pool with water rendamannya.
note:
application of herbal performed continuously with an interval of 1 week(1 week and 1 week of no use)better use of herbal medicines is not only a type but a combination of herbs bbrp.

It is now increasingly aware of the usefulness of natural remedies or herbs to address the disease in catfish. This is in line with a growing number of research findings that reveal the efficacy of a number of plants and herbs to improve health conditions for catfish. The materials tested include garlic, noni, ginger, turmeric, meniran, yeast, betel leaves, dun bitter, papaya, guava leaves, leaf-paci paci, all-pahitan bitter, and many others.Adding Your Appetite In Catfish
Do not underestimate her ginger that usually we are not aware / not aware of that name.without us knowing that you know ginger can increase appetite for catfish. ni had catfish for the spirit of why this is not a cure.to increase appetite catfish herbal methods. mixed with feed. 0.2: 0.25: 1 kg gram:0.2 kg of turmeric (curcuma) "language latinya"0.25 kg of water (warm water in the try) because the state of juice of ginger will warm up to the maximum)1 kg of feed / pellets.manufacture of:1. grated ginger2. 00:25 mix with warm water3. squeeze and strain the grated ginger last4. mix the juice with ginger was as much as 1 kg of pellets.5. let stand for 10 minutes.nb. after the camput jangang more than 8 hours.

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